Calis, MertDemirtas, Tugrul TolgaAtilla, PerginTatar, IlkanErsoy, OrkunIrmak, GulserenOzgur, Figen2019-08-012019-08-0120140032-10521529-4242https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000056https://hdl.handle.net/11480/4182Background: This study investigated whether the in vivo osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells is enhanced by 17-estradiol. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into five experimental groups. For the surgical procedure, biparietal full-thickness bone defects (7 mm in diameter) were created. A chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffold was used as the vehicle system for 17-estradiol-loaded nanoparticles and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The first group, the blank defect group, was the control group. The defects were filled with either scaffold, estradiol, and scaffold; scaffold and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; or estradiol, scaffold, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as experimental groups. The rats were killed at the end of weeks 4 and 12, and their calvariae were harvested for histologic and microtomographic evaluation. Results: Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of estradiol, scaffold, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells revealed the highest median value (82.59 17.17), and the difference was significant compared with the blank defect group (p = 0.004). Histologic samples demonstrated a significant difference between experimental groups for bone defect repair at the end of weeks 4 and 12 (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). The estradiol, scaffold, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell group had the highest median score (3.00 +/- 0.0) at week 12, which was significantly higher than scores for the scaffold and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell group and the blank defect group. Conclusion: 17-Estradiol appears to be a novel and promising agent for future cell-based bone tissue-engineering studies.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessArticle1334499E510E10.1097/PRS.000000000000005624675202WOS:000335988600007Q1