Ucan O.Aricioglu E.Yucel F.2019-08-012019-08-0120142146-4553https://hdl.handle.net/11480/719This paper analyzes the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of fifteen European Union countries over the period 1990-2011 within a multivariate framework. The heterogeneous panel cointegration tests present a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and research and development. The Granger-causality results demonstrate unidirectional causality between non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessGrowthNon-renewable energy consumptionRenewable energy consumptionArticle434114192-s2.0-84904212343Q2