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    Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’in different pear tissues and sampling time by PCR-RFLP analyses
    (2020) Gazel, Mona; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Öztürk, Harun; Çağlayan, Kadriye
    Aims: In this study, the best sampling time and tissues for phytoplasmadetection in twenty pear trees (cv. Deveci) infected by ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma pyri’, causal agent of pear decline disease, in Bursa provinceof Turkey were investigated.Methods and Results: Sampling was done throughout the year in leafmidribs, shoot and root tissues, where as the flower tissues were testedonce a year in March and fruit tissues in September. All samples wereanalyzed by nested-PCR using P1/P7 and fU5/rU3 universal primer pairs.Nested PCR products were digested with RsaI and SspI restriction enzymes.The results revealed that the detection rate of ‘Ca. P. pyri’ in different planttissues was greatly depending on the sample collection period. The fruittissues, which were only sampled in September due to the ripening timeof Deveci pear cultivar in Bursa, showed the highest detection rate of ‘Ca.P. pyri’ (100%) followed by flower tissues (75%). The average detectionrate in root, shoot tissues and leaf midribs was found as 43.75, 39.58 and16.25%, respectively. The present results showed that the best planttissues for detecting ‘Ca. P. pyri’ in pear trees were fruit columella andflowers. The highest detection rate of this phytoplasma in root tissues wasfound from November to March, whereas it could be detected whole yeararound except summer months in shoot samples in Turkey.Conclusions: For 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', detection, if there is noseasonal limitation for testing, the most suitable tissues are fruits andflowers. When it comes to testing throughout the year, the most suitabletissues were determined as the root, the phloem and cambium layer of theshoots and the leaves, respectively.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study on seasonal variations of‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in different pear tissues has been first timeinvestigated in Turkey. This preliminary data provides importantknowledge on molecular detection of Ca. P. pyri, causal agent of peardecline disease for further studies and sertification-quarantineprogrammes of pear trees in Turkey.
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    (Elsevier, 2023) Elçi, Eminur; Sajid, Qurat-ul Ain; Çağlayan, Kadriye
    Common fig (Ficus carica L.) has several identified viruses, and fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a well-known disease infecting fig plants around the world. The causal agent of FMD has been identified as fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), which has an extensive dispersal rate. The vector of FMD has been indefinable, as no evidence was found until 1955, though the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus (Cotte) was known as an efficient vector for FMV. It has been detected in many countries, like Turkey, England, the United States, Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, Syria, China, New Zealand, Israel, Italy, Greece, Jordan, Lebanon, and Australia. Its major symptoms comprised of mosaic, spotting, and mottling, foliar discoloration, size reduction and mosaics of fruits, and irregular leaf distortion. FMV is the one with the highest association with FMD, and beside this virus; numerous viruses have been reported belonging Caulimoviridae, Closteroviridae, Flexiviridae, Partitiviridae, and Tymoviridae families, including fig leaf mottle-associated viruses-1 and 2, Arkansas fig closteroviruses-1 and 2, fig latent virus-1, fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV), fig cryptic virus, fig fleck-associated virus, fig badnavirus-1. Scouting and removal of infected trees can be the best management for this disease to avoid profit loss. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.