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    ALIEN VERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATE PESTS IN TURKEY WITH AN OVERVIEW OF RODENT MANAGEMENT
    (2021) Yiğit, Nuri; Özeren, Saniye Cevher; Yiğit, Fulya Saygılı; Çolak, Ercüment; Gül, Nursel; Çetintürk, Derya
    Considering alien and invasive species are major threat to indigenous species, the recent status of these type of vertebrates were reviewed along with the current rodent management application in Turkey. More than twenty-five alien, potentially invasive freshwater fish species have been reported in Turkey. Of these, seven were recorded from inland waters as alien and two as translocated. Eighteen marine fishes from the Mediterranean and three from the Black Sea have previously been reported as invasive or alien. In this study, of twelve fishes, eleven were determined as potential invader in our long term observations in Mediterranean Sea; puffer fish and Vanikoro sweeper (Pempheris vanicolensis) were evaluated as considerably successful invasive ones. Two reptile species are known as alien in Turkey: the Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta) is an imported species in south-western rivers of Anatolia; İstanbul Wall Lizard (Podarcis siculus) is a transported species found in the Marmara region in Turkey. Four bird species are alien and potential invaders; Laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameria), White-spectacled bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthopygos) and Common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Mammalian species; nutria (coypu-Myocastor coypus) which is introduced to two rivers in Turkey, black and Norway rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) along with house mouse (Mus musculus) are alien and also synanthropic species. According to the rodent management report released in 2013 for agricultural areas, 1.202 kg zinc phosphide was used for rodent control in 73 provinces of Turkey; Konya province was most active against rodents, using 400 kg zinc phosphide in 19 956 kg poisoned baits. Only anticoagulant rodenticides are permitted to use in urban areas. Application doses of 50 mg/kg of anticoagulant rodenticides caused death three days later after poisoned baits were given to rats. In our experiments, no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides was determined in black and Norwaybrown rats around Ankara provices. Control of other potential vertebrate pests such as snakes, Egyptian fruit bat and porcupine is not legally permitted in Turkey.
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    Genetic differentiation of the Merionestristrami (Mammalia: Rodentia)subpopulations in Turkeyinferring allozyme variations
    (2016) Yiğit, Nuri; Saygılı, Fulya Yiğit; Çolak, Ercüment; Çolak, Reyhan; Çetintürk, Derya
    Allozyme variations of Tristram s jird Meriones tristrami, which is distributed in the steppe and semiarid areas of Turkey, were studied using 24 loci of 83 specimens from ten locations in Turkey. Seven loci were found to be polymorphic. According to the patterns of allozyme variation, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 12.5. FST was found to be 0.44, indicating high genetic variations among M. tristrami; accordingly the Nm value (0.3157) appeared quite low. The UPGMA dendrogram, based on genetic distance, showed that the populations established two very close subclusters, and supported the idea that the westernmost population connected to the northern part of the central Anatolian population. As expected, the eastern population appeared to be more divergent due to geographic distance. Our findings supported that genetic isolation among these subpopulations might be caused by geographic isolation.
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    Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of populations of Meriones tristrami Thomas, 1892 (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in Turkey as inferred from Cytochrome-b and RFLP analysis
    (Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite, 2020) Yiğit, Nuri; Çolak, Ercüment; Markov, Georgi; Yiğit, Fulya Saygılı; Çolak, Reyhan; Çetintürk, Derya; Ozan Şeker, Perinçek Seçkin
    The present study aimed to reveal the relationship between the genetic diversity of Tristram’s jird Meriones tristrami subpopulations by using cyt-b sequences, the amplified fragments of cyt-b produced by restriction endonuclease (RFLP; Msp I, Rsa I, Noc I and Hae III were used) and the distribution on the Anatolian Peninsula. Eighteen haplotypes were identified in the subpopulations of this species, with the highest nucleotide diversity in the Central Anatolia. The haplotype diversity was determined to be 0.970 among subpopulations. The fixation index (Fst) and the gene flow parameter (Nm) based on cyt-b sequences showed the effective gene flow between the western and south-eastern subpopulations. Both cyt-b sequences and RFLP analyses produced almost similar topology in the Bayesian and UPGMA trees, indicating a gene flow from subpopulations of the South-east to Central Anatolia and the Western Black Sea coast. The main factor for the genetic diversity is considered to be the intermittent distribution from west to east as a result of the great altitude of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the sea and lake system fragmenting the territory of Anatolia in the Pliocene – Pleistocene Age. © 2020 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.