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    Effect of presence of corpus luteum at the beginning of Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows [Laktasyondaki süt i·neklerinde ovsynch protokolüne başlarken korpus luteum varli{dotless}gi{dotless}ni{dotless}n gebelik oranlari{dotless} üzerine etkisi]
    (2012) Çinar M.; Güzeloglu A.; Erdem H.
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of presence of CL at the beginning of Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows. A total of 218 lactating Holstein cows that were at least 45 days postpartum with no reproductive disorders were used in the present study. Cows were divided into two experimental groups according to the presence and absence of corpus luteum (CL) on the first day of transrectal ultrasonography (day 0). Cows having CL (CL (+)) were randomly allocated to two subgroups as CL (+)/A and CL (+)/B. Cows in CL (+)/A group (n = 74) were treated with Ovsynch protocol, while cows in CL (+)/B group (n = 78) were treated with PGF 2? on the first day of examination and seven days later Ovsynch protocol was started. Cows having no CL (CL (-)) (n = 66) were left untreated on the first day of examination and Ovsynch protocol was started seven days later. Pregnancy rates were found 23%, 25.6% and 40.9% in CL (+)/A, CL (+)/B and CL (-) groups, respectively. The pregnancy rate in CL (-) group was significantly higher than those of CL (+)/A, and CL (+)/B groups (P<0.05). It is suggested that the success of Ovsynch synchronization protocol may be related to starting time of the protocol and to ovarian physiology in cyclic dairy cows.
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    Negative energy balance in dairy cattle and its metabolic indicators [Sütçü i·neklerde negatif enerji dengesi ve metabolik i·ndikatörleri]
    (2012) Serbester U.; Çinar M.; Hayirli A.
    Energy balance, simply, is the difference between energy consumed and sum of energy used for maintenance and production. The negative difference indicates body reserves being mobilized, whereas the positive difference indicates body reserves being replenished or increased. Negative energy balance (NEB) is accepted as natural event in dairy cattle because, dry matter intake decrase during the close-up period and increases more slowly than milk yield after parturition. Other than phenotypical changes (body weight and condition score change), metabolic indicators in blood and milk (nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, milk fatty acid composition, and milk fat:protein ratio, etc.) also change, which can be used for estimating severity and duration of NEB. This review emphasizes causes of NEB, metabolic indicators that may be used to estimate NEB, and important points in their interpretations.