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    The genera Lepidorbitoides and Orbitoides: Evolution and stratigraphic significance in some Anatolian basins
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1999) Özcan, Ercan; Özkan-Altiner, Sevinç
    Early ontogenetic morphologic features previously recognized as evolutionary parameters in Lepidorbitoides and Orbitoides have been tested in several flysch successions of Anatolia. Increase in embryo size (Li + li), number of epiembryonic chambers (E) and organization of embryonal chamber arrangement from 'quadrilocular' to 'bilocular' and multilocular in Orbitoides, increase in deuteroconch size (D), in deuteroconch-protoconch ratio (D/P) and in number of adauxiliary chambers (Ad) in Lepidorbitoides have been recognized as the main evolutionary trends, thus allowing the correlation of these features with time. The different developmental stages in Lepidorbitoides, i.e. L. pembergeri, L. campaniensis, L. bisambergensis, L. minor, L. socialis, and in Orbitoides, i.e. O. media, O. megaloformis, O. gruenbachensis, O. apiculata and O. gensacicus, have been described and illustrated based on the biometry of the populations. The values observed in some horizons, however, may not reflect the true phylogenetic stage of the orbitoidal taxa, especially in the species of Orbitoides, which usually show a wide variation of evolutionary parameters in the same population. A correlation scheme of phylogenetic development in Lepidorbitoides and Orbitoides with the planktonic foraminiferal zones is proposed. Lepidorbitoides populations with highly asymmetric 'quadriserial' nepionts occurring stratigraphically below the symmetric ones in Early Maastrichtian are thought to deserve a particular taxonomic status. In Orbitoides, a new embryonal chamber morphology previously undescribed from horizontal sections has been discovered.