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    Antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital
    (2023) Öztürk, Ali; Bozkurt, Nurnehir Baltacı; Mutlu, Tuğba Avan
    Aims: Multi-drug resistance is currently approaching alarming levels in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains, which are often identified in community-acquired and hospital-acquired infectious illnesses. This study aimed to examine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus strains isolated from patients treated in a tertiary state hospital for four years. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on S. aureus strains (n=584) identified from clinical samples delivered to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital for bacterial culture between January 2016 and December 2019. The strains were identified using both conventional methods and the VITEK 2 (bioMerieux) automated identification system. Antibiogram results were performed with the same automated system, taking into account EUCAST (the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) criteria. Results: Strains were most commonly isolated from wound swabs (n=168, 28.7%) and blood cultures (n=108, 18.4%). Cefoxitin resistance ranged from 27.11% to 22.98% depending on the year. Among isolated S. aureus strains, the most antimicrobial resistance evolved against erythromycin (n=232). Vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance were not observed. Conclusion: Multi-drug resistance and MRSA resistance still exist today. Due to the resistance rates, it was thought that more care should be taken in the use of erythromycin in the treatment. It is encouraging to observe that resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin is absent in our hospital and also that resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is minimal in comparison to resistance to other antibiotics. This information about the susceptibility of S. aureus may be helpful in determining how to administer antibiotics.
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    Investigation of antifungal, antibiofilm and antifilamentation activities of biocides against Candida isolates
    (2020) Öztürk, Ali; Abdulmajed, Olkar; Aydın, Merve
    Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of three commonly used biocidesagainst clinical Candida isolates.Material and Methods: The in vitro activities of benzalkonium chloride (BZC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and triclosan (TRC)were studied against three Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata) isolates. The isolates were identified, using the germ tubetest, Cornmeal agar, and ID32 C (bioMerieux, France) kit. Antifungal susceptibility of these isolates was determined using the brothmicrodilution method. Antibiofilm activity of biocides were assessed with a colorimetric method based on crystal violet. The effectof biocides on the ability of C. albicans to form hyphae was examined microscopically.Results: The antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of biocides used were determined against Candida isolates.Antifungal activities of biocides against Candida isolates ranged from 1–4 µg/ml. The potent fungistatic effect of biocides tested wasdetected against Candida spp. at 1 µg/ml. All tested biocides showed good antifungal activity against Candida isolates. The results ofthe antibiofilm activity assay showed that the highest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported in BZC, CHX, and TRC (66%, 60.3%, and58%, respectively) at 16 and 32 µg/ml. The lowest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported at MIC values for each biocide between 6%and 12%. In addition, the anti-filamentation activity of biocides tested was screened against C. albicans at concentrations of 1, 2, and4 µg/ml of biocide and the inhibition rates varied from 10% to 59%.Conclusions: Important information has been obtained about the fungistatic/fungicidal, antibiofilm activities, and effects onC. albicans micromorphology of the biocides used in this study.
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    Investigation of Cytokines, Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Stress Levels in Serum of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
    (2024) Bayraktar, Nihayet; Aslan, Oruç; Uyanıkoğlu, Ahmet; Öztürk, Ali; Bayraktar, Mehmet; Erdoğdu, Hamza
    Objective: This study aimed to find new serum biochemistry parameters, especially for the early identification of severe AP. In the study serum cytokine levels (TNF-A, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21), biochemical parameters (Aquaporin-1, Hepcidine, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Nitric Oxide, C-Reactive protein), and oxidative stress parameters analysis were performed. Method: A total of 46 patients with AP and 46 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum cytokine levels, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters by the ELISA method, and CRP by the immunoturbidimetric method were measured. Results: When patients with AP and control groups were compared, all studied parameters were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). However, IL-1 was found to be insignificant (p>0.05). Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test, which is a non-parametric test, was found suitable to determine whether there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups. Conclusions: Investigating the role of cytokines, oxidative stress and other biochemical parameters in the pathogenesis and course of the disease may contribute to a better understanding of the disease process and its therapeutic value. It showed a significant increase in oxidative stress parameters and biochemical parameters such as aquaporin-1, hepcidin, lipase, and amylase, which may help in the diagnosis of AP.
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    Investigation of the Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in Patients with Suppressed Immune System
    (2022) Bayraktar, Mehmet; Cömert, Medine; Öztürk, Ali
    Objective: Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are important agents causing diarrhea in developing and developed countries. If untreated, these agents may cause severe life-threatening diarrhea, especially in immunocompromised people and children. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis in the stool samples of immunocompromised patients who applied to Harran University Research and Application Hospital. Methods: This study was carried out with a total of 100 patients with immunosuppression and diarrhea who were admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis antigens were investigated in stool samples of the patients by immunochromatographic (IC) method and oocyst, and cyst-trophozoite were examined with Native-Lugol and Kinyoun acid-fast staining. Results: G. intestinalis was detected in eight (8%) patients. Seven of them (14%) were pediatric patients (n=50) and one (2%) was an adult female patient (n=50). Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 3 (3%) patients. Of these, two (4%) were children patients and one (2%) was an adult female patient. Our results also demonstrated that both Cryptosporidium and Giardia were more found in immunocompromised patients, especially in pediatric ones (4% and 14% respectively). Conclusion: Although the cost of the IC method, which detects antigens in stool samples is high, it is easy to work with, provides early results and it also helps to overcome the difficulties in active diagnostic methods. Despite the limited number of investigated samples, our findings showed that the incidence of infections from these two parasites is higher than in other studies conducted in Turkey or European countries.
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    Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in acute leukemia patients with allogeneic transplantation
    (2020) İbrahim, Bashar; Heydarlou, Mehdi Meskini; Öztürk, Ali
    Aim: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emerging threat in allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HEV infection in patients with acute leukemia before and after the transplantation.Material and Methods: The study was carried out with the serum samples taken before and after the transplantation from patients (n=42) with acute leukemia, who were 4 months to 64 years of age and who had allogenic transplant at Gazi University Hospital. All samples were tested in terms of HEV-specific anti-IgG and IgM positive value by using ELISA kit.Results: While 1 (2.3%) of the samples that were included in the study was positive anti-HEV IgG before transplantation, it was found negative after the transplantation (58th month). Positive anti-HEV IgM was not found before and after the transplantation in the collected samples. The average age of the seronegative group was determined as 30.8 ± 33.1 for male and female, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of anti-HEV IgM positivity and anti-HEV IgG positivity compared with seronegative cases of seropositive cases.Conclusions: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HEV infection in allogeneic stem cell patients. With this study, the incidence and importance of HEV can be determined in these patients before and after transplantation. This study can also create an important epidemiological data for our country.