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Öğe Geochemical and hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution of Kozaklı geothermal fluids, Central Anatolia, Turkey(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Şener M.F.; Baba A.Kozaklı is one of the most important areas of Central Anatolia in terms of geothermal potential and it is characterized by thrust and normal faults. These faults, accommodating deep circulation of hydrothermal fluids of meteoric origin, are the primary controls of the geothermal systems in this region. Chemical and isotopic composition of the hot springs and geothermal fluids was monitored throughout 2017. The surface temperature of the fluid ranges from 24.9 to 96 °C. The cold spring waters are mostly of the Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type in the study area. Major element chemistry of the water reveals that the deep geothermal fluids are mostly of the Na-Ca-Cl-SO 4 type while the shallow geothermal well waters are Ca-Na-HCO 3 waters. Silica geothermometers suggest that the reservoir temperature ranges from 103 to 173 °C. Based on the ? 18 O–?D relationship, water samples have a high-altitude meteoric origin. Stable isotopic data indicate that the geothermal fluids are formed by local recharge and deep circulation of meteoric waters. The Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (REY) composition showed that Eu, Ce and Y anomalies are related both to inheritance from geological host materials and the fractionation of these elements during water-rock interactions. © 2019 Elsevier LtdÖğe Hydrothermal alterations and relationship with thermal waters at aliaga (İzmir) geothermal field [Aliaga (İzmir) jeotermal alani{dotless}ndaki hidrotermal alterasyonlar ve termal sularla i·lişkisi](2011) Özkan R.; Şener M.; Helvaci C.; Şener M.F.In this study, the alteration zones and geothermal geology of Aliaga area and surroundings have been investigated. The alteration zones and reservoir temperature have been determined via the use of the alteration minerals and geochemical properties of waters issuing in the area. The study area, which is lying between Çandarli{dotless} Bay and Menemen in western Anatolia has a rock association consisting of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Miocene aged volcanic rocks are composed of andesitic, latitic andesitic, basaltic andesitic, rhyolitic lavas and associated pyroclastics. Miocene aged sedimentary rocks are terrestrial and lacustrine type. There are several fault systems trending NE-NW, which control the movement of geothermal fluids in the region. As a result of microscopical investigations of the rock samples collected from the alteration zones, silicification is observed in most of the rocks. Additionally, chloritisation and clay minerals are also seen. The chemical character of hot spring and well water in the geothermal area indicate that the source watersfeeding these springs and wells are meteoric and sea water in origin. There are two types of geothermal fluids causing the hydrothermal alteration in the area. These are bicarbonate and chloride type waters. Hydrothermal alteration types have been determinated by using the alteration minerals recognized in the rock samples of study area. The reservoir temperature of the present day geothermal system has been determined by applying chemical geothermometer techniques to water samples. According to the data obtained from rock analyses, the alteration types in the region are advanced argillic, argillic and outer-sub propylitic alteration. The characteristic alteration mineral assemblages indicate a fluid temperature reaching up to 175 oC in the paleogeothermal system of the area. However, it is estimated that the reservoir rock temperatures of the active geothermal system may be around 100-130 oC.Öğe Relict drainage effects on distribution and morphometry of karst depressions: A case study from central Taurus (Turkey)(National Speleological Society Inc., 2018) Şener M.F.; Öztürk M.Z.Karst depressions and relict valleys, formed as a result of the combination of karst and fluvial processes, are characteristic landforms of the Taurus karst region in Turkey. Development of these two landforms is interrelated, and the main aim of this study is to explain the role of paleovalley networks on morphometric properties of the depressions. For this purpose, in this study, spatial distribution of karst depressions and relict valleys, and morphometric properties of depressions are investigated on the Ermenek Plateau based on 1:25,000-scaled, topographic maps. About 10,000 karst depressions are mapped, 49.5 % and 50.5 % of them being located in and out of relict valleys, respectively. According to morphometric calculations, there are significant differences in dimensional properties of the two groups of depressions. Mean area, perimeter, short and long axes of relict valley depressions are 2.6, 1.6, 1.6 and 1.4 times larger, respectively, than plateau depressions. Relict valley depressions and plateau depressions are elliptical-and circular-shaped, respectively. Relict valley density has positive effect, while non-relict valley density has negative effect (limiting factor) on spatial distribution of depression density. © 2018, National Speleological Society Inc.. All rights reserved.
