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    Investigation of antifungal, antibiofilm and antifilamentation activities of biocides against Candida isolates
    (2020) Öztürk, Ali; Abdulmajed, Olkar; Aydın, Merve
    Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of three commonly used biocidesagainst clinical Candida isolates.Material and Methods: The in vitro activities of benzalkonium chloride (BZC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and triclosan (TRC)were studied against three Candida (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata) isolates. The isolates were identified, using the germ tubetest, Cornmeal agar, and ID32 C (bioMerieux, France) kit. Antifungal susceptibility of these isolates was determined using the brothmicrodilution method. Antibiofilm activity of biocides were assessed with a colorimetric method based on crystal violet. The effectof biocides on the ability of C. albicans to form hyphae was examined microscopically.Results: The antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-filamentation activities of biocides used were determined against Candida isolates.Antifungal activities of biocides against Candida isolates ranged from 1–4 µg/ml. The potent fungistatic effect of biocides tested wasdetected against Candida spp. at 1 µg/ml. All tested biocides showed good antifungal activity against Candida isolates. The results ofthe antibiofilm activity assay showed that the highest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported in BZC, CHX, and TRC (66%, 60.3%, and58%, respectively) at 16 and 32 µg/ml. The lowest biofilm inhibition ratios were reported at MIC values for each biocide between 6%and 12%. In addition, the anti-filamentation activity of biocides tested was screened against C. albicans at concentrations of 1, 2, and4 µg/ml of biocide and the inhibition rates varied from 10% to 59%.Conclusions: Important information has been obtained about the fungistatic/fungicidal, antibiofilm activities, and effects onC. albicans micromorphology of the biocides used in this study.
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    What is the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that paralyze the world?
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Ozturk, Ali; Abdulmajed, Olkar; Ibrahim, Bashar
    The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread worldwide was declared a pandemic on March 11. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 disease are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some patients may experience pain and aches, nasal congestion, cold, sore throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Currently, the source of the virus is still unknown. However, all available evidence indicates that the origin of this virus is a natural animal and that it is not a manufactured virus. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. The effects of COVID-19 disease on people are that the elderly and people with preexisting medical conditions (such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes) have more severe symptoms than others. Some potential vaccines and drugs specifically needed to treat this disease are being investigated and are being tested by clinical trials. Copyright (C) 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.