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    Biochemical and physiological changes in mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (MCCN) Heterodera latipons during diapause period
    (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2022) Abumuslem, Motasem; Toktay, Halil
    Bu çalışmada, Heterodera latipons'un diyapoz döneminde 2 farklı toplama zamanında farklı morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişiklikleri incelenmiş ve yapılan gözlemler sonucunda tüm özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan morfolojik analizlerde, diyapoz döneminde kist rengi, alt-kristal tabaka ve yumurta kabuğu kalınlığının değişiminin yanı sıra yumurtadan çıkış süresi ve yumurtadan çıkan 2. dönem larva sayılarında da değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal analizlerin sonuçlarında ise, Ekim 2021'de toplanan kistlerde toplam karbonhidrat, glikojen, trehaloz, gliserol ve protein içeriğinin Haziran 2021'de toplanan kistlere göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan SDS-PAGE analizlerinde, hem Haziran hem Ekim döneminde alınan örneklerde büyük bir proteinin (yaklaşık 100 kDa) varlığı gözlemlenirken, küçük bir proteinin (yaklaşık 20 kDa) ise Ekim ayında toplanan örneklerde bulunduğu. Ayrıca, H. latipons 'un Madaba Ürdün izolatında tre geninin kısmi nükleotid dizisi (şeker hidrolizini katalize eden bir enzimi kodlayan) dünyada ilk defa tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Diyapoz, Heterodera latipons, Biyokimyasal, Gen, Trehalase, Tre
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    Morphological and Biochemical Changes in the Mediterranean Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera latipons) during Diapause
    (Mdpi, 2024) Abumuslem, Motasem; Toktay, Halil; Sadder, Monther T.; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Salem, Nida' M.; AL-Banna, Luma
    The cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons) is becoming an economically important species in global cereal production as it is being identified in many new cereal cultivated areas and causes significant losses. Consequently, understanding its biology becomes crucial for researchers in identifying its vulnerabilities and implementing effective control measures. In the current study, different morphological and biochemical changes of H. latipons cysts containing eggs with infective juveniles from a barley field in Jordan were studied during the summer of 2021, at two sample dates. The first, at the harvest of the cereal crop (June 2021), when the infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) were initiating diapause, and the second, before planting the sequent cereal crop (late October 2021), when the J2s were ending diapause. The studied population was characterized morphologically and molecularly, showing 98.4% molecular similarity to both JOD from Jordan and Syrian 300 isolates of H. latipons. The obtained results and observations revealed that there were dramatic changes in all the investigated features of the cysts and eggs they contained. Morphological changes such as cyst color, sub-crystalline layer, and thickness of the rigid eggshell wall were observed. A slight change in the emergence time of J2s from cysts was observed without any difference in the number of emerged J2s. The results of biochemical changes showed that the total contents of carbohydrates, glycogen, trehalose, glycerol, and protein were higher in cysts collected in October when compared to those cysts collected in June. The SDS-PAGE pattern indicated the presence of a protein with the size of ca. 100 kDa in both sampling dates, whereas another protein (ca. 20 kDa) was present only in the cysts of October. Furthermore, the expression of trehalase (tre) gene was detected only in H. latipons collected in October. The outcomes of this study provide new helpful information that elucidates diapause in H. latipons and may be used for the implementation of new management strategies of cyst nematodes.