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Öğe Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and phosphorus uptake of mung bean plants fertilized with composted rock phosphate fed dung in alkaline soil environment(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Wahid, Fazli; Sharif, Muhammad; Fahad, Shah; Adnan, Muhammad; Khan, Imtiaz Ali; Aksoy, Emre; Ali, AmjadInoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphorus (P) transfer from composted dung of cattle with a diet supplemented with powdered rock phosphate (RP) and their successive uptake by mung bean plants was assessed in alkaline soil. The efficacy of composted RP fed dung alone or/and in combination with AMF inoculums containing six different species were compared with SSP in six replicates per treatment in pots. The results showed that the association of AMF with composted RP fed dung had a positive effect on mung bean shoot (3.04 g) and root (2.62 g) biomass, chlorophyll (a, b), carotenoid contents and N (58.38 mg plant(-1)) and P (4.61 mg plant(-1)) uptake. Similarly, the percent roots colonization (56%) and nodulation of mung bean plant roots and their post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the inoculation of AMF together with composted RP fed dung. It is concluded that the combined application of AMF with composted RP fed dung has almost the same effect as SSP for improving mung bean plants growth and their nutrients uptake. Moreover, AMF inoculants can be used as a suitable biofertilizer in combination with locally available organic sources of fertilizers for improving P status and growth of plants in alkaline soils.Öğe Ficus benghalensis: A plant with potential pharmacological properties, from tradition to pharmacy(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2023) Tahir, Muhammad Mateen; Rasul, Azhar; Riaz, Ammara; Batool, Rabia; Nageen, Bushra; Adnan, Muhammad; Sarfraz, IqraPurpose: To undertake an overview of the potential pharmacological properties of Ficus benghalensisis.Methods: Data were acquired from several online sources, including Scopus, Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed, and Sci-Hub, using the keywords Ficus benghalensis, medicinal plants, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer.Results: Ficus benghalensis has valuable secondary metabolites including terpenoids, ketones, coumarins, oentacyclic, furocoumarin, flavonols, flavonoids, sterols, esters, carbohydrates, carboxylic acid, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to its phytochemical profile, it is regarded as a plant with potential pharmacological properties such as anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anthelmintic, and anti-angiogenic. This review highlights the phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological potential of Ficus benghalensis.Conclusion: Ficus benghalensis has potentials for treating several ailments. However, further research, including in vivo studies and preclinical trials, is necessary to ascertain its biological and pharmacological uses accurately.Öğe Ginkgetin: A natural biflavone with versatile pharmacological activities(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Adnan, Muhammad; Rasul, Azhar; Hussain, Ghulam; Shah, Muhammad Ajmal; Zahoor, Muhammad Kashif; Anwar, Haseeb; Sarfraz, IqraNatural products, being richly endowed with curative powers, have become spotlight for biomedical and pharmaceutical research to develop novel therapeutics during recent years. Ginkgetin (GK), a natural non-toxic biflavone, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-adipogenic, and neuroprotective activities. GK combats cancer progression by arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, and targeting many deregulated signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT and MAPKs. GKhalts inflammation mediators like interleukins, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, NF-0, and acts as an inhibitor of PLA2. GK shows strong neuroprotection against oxidative stress-promoted cell death, inhibits cerebral micro -hemorrhage, decreases neurologic deficits, and halts apoptosis of neurons. GK also acts as anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, leishmanicidal and anti-plasmodial agent. GK shows substantial preventive or therapeutic effects in in vivo models of many diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, neumdegenerative, hepatic, influenza, and inflammatory diseases. Based on various computational, in vitro and in vivo evidences, this article demonstrates the potential of ginkgetin for development of therapeutics against various diseases. Although GK has been systematically studied from pharmacological point of view, a vast field of pharmacokinetics, pre-clinical and clinical studies is still open for the researchers to fully validate its potential for the treatment of various diseases.Öğe Physcion and Physcion 8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside: Natural Anthraquinones with Potential Anticancer Activities(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2021) Adnan, Muhammad; Rasul, Azhar; Hussain, Ghulam; Shah, Muhammad Ajmal; Sarfraz, Iqra; Nageen, Bushra; Riaz, AmmaraNature has provided prodigious reservoirs of pharmacologically active compounds for drug development since times. Physcion and physcion 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PG) are bioactive natural anthraquinones which exert anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties with minimum or no adverse effects. Moreover, physcion also exhibits anti-microbial and hepatoprotective properties, while PG is known to have anti-sepsis as well as ameliorative activities against dementia. This review aims to highlight the natural sources and anticancer activities of physcion and PG, along with associated mechanisms of actions. On the basis of the literature, physcion and PG regulate multitudinous cell signaling pathways through the modulation of various regulators of cell cycle, protein kinases, microRNAs, transcriptional factors, and apoptosis linked proteins resulting in the effective killing of cancerous cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Both compounds effectively suppress metastasis, furthermore, physcion acts as an inhibitor of 6PGD and also plays an important role in chemosensitization. This review article suggests that physcion and PG are potent anticancer drug candidates, but further investigations on their mechanism of action and pre-clinical trials are mandatory in order to comprehend the full potential of these natural cancer killers in anticancer remedies.