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    Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs in Kayseri, Turkey
    (2004) Elhatip, H.; Afşin, M.; Kuşçu, I.; Dirik, K.; Kurmaç, Y.; Kavurmaci, M.
    Industrial and agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3, N2, Cl, SO4, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb and Zn, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3, it is recommended that a combination of hydrochernical and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. The water type of Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs is mainly Na-MgCa-Cl-HCO3. Note that the water types of the Springs were directly related to the hydrogeochemical properties of outcrops at the study area. Thus, the high concentration of Ca+2 and HCO3 is mainly related to the high CO2 contents in the marbles, whereas the high Na concentration arises from the existing syenite, volcanic ash, basalt and clay units, although the ?Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs cover most of the drinking and irrigation water demands at the study area. Therefore, relevant hydrogeochemical and statistical studies were carried out for estimating the mentioned environmental impacts on the water quality of ?Incesu-Dokuzpinar Springs. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
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    Roles of hydrogeochemical evaluations in estimating protection zones of Koçp1nar springs in Aksaray, central Anatolia, Turkey
    (2001) Elhatip, H.; Afşin, M.
    The present study indicates estimation of protection zones of Koçp1nar springs in Aksaray area by means of hydrogeochemical methods. Relevant hydrogeochemical studies were carried out to achieve this objective. Koçp1nar springs emerge on strike-slip Hasanda?i fault set (HFS) along the Tuzgölü (Salt Lake) fault zone (TFZ) in central Anatolia. The outcrops of volcanic origin exhibit different hydrogeological properties in the study area. The hydrogeochemical evaluations of Koçp1nar springs represent good results about the available main groundwater flow systems that exist in this area. Marbles of Palaeozoic age form the main aquifer that recharges Koçp1nar springs. The CO2 gas content of the spring waters is significantly high. Based on the ion concentrations, the water of this spring has mainly two hydrochemical facies: Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-HCO3. Although, the hydrochemical analyses showed that waters of these springs meet the drinking and irrigation water standards, the area around the springs is continuously being contaminated by both domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, detailed hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic investigations were carried out to accurately estimate the protection zones of Koçp1nar springs. These studies showed that three main protection zones could be proposed against external pollution effects around the spring's area.