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    Effect of temperature and production method on some quality parameters of fermented carrot juice (Shalgam)
    (Elsevier, 2021) Tanguler, Hasan; Cankaya, Akkiz; Agcam, Erdal; Uslu, Hasan
    This study is a paper in which compared the effect of fermentation temperature on antioxidant activity, anthocyanin profiles and phenolic compounds of Shalgam were investigated. 3D-molecular demonstration of lactic acid, which is the main molecule in Shalgam, was realized. As the fermentation temperature increased, titration acidity increased faster, and thus the fermentation time was shortened. Total phenolic content and anthocyanin profiles were higher in Shalgams produced by traditional method, while antioxidant activity was found to be lower. Moreover, for total phenolics, anthocyanin profiles and antioxidant activity, and minimum scores for sensory analysis, the lowest values were generally determined in Shalgams produced by both methods at 10 degrees C. It could be said that Shalgam fermented higher than 10 degrees C was more acceptable for consumers. This study is important in terms of showing that Shalgam can be produced in a shorter time in accordance with the standards. Experimental fermentation procedure, the production rate of the fermentation was studied as a kinetic character. Pseudo first order and Pseudo second order models were applied. PSO was fitted well to fermentation production rate.
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    Encapsulation and drying methods in the production of powdered red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.): Chemometrics and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Baltacioglu, Cem; Keskin, Oktay; Baltacioglu, Hande; Agcam, Erdal
    In this study, powder colorant was obtained from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). The stability of the colorants obtained by spray and freeze drying was investigated in terms of antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin content. The yield of the products increased with the encapsulation for both drying methods and encapsulation application. Drying method and encapsulation application had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of powders except for flowability and adhesiveness values. An increase in L*, a*, and C values was observed with the encapsulation process. Antioxidant activity of the samples increased with the encapsulation process by 13.44% in the spray-dried samples, while it increased by 9.75% in the freeze-dried samples. Total monomeric anthocyanin content was detected as 9039.21 mg/kg for encapsulated freeze-dried samples and 7811 mg/kg for encapsulated spray-dried ones. Nine anthocyanins were detected in the samples by using high-performance liquid chromatography. To discriminate samples according to drying methods with/without encapsulation principal component analysis (PCA) was used based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data. Four groups were observed for the PCA. The chemometric evaluation was done to predict the antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content, and individual anthocyanins using FTIR spectra. High correlations were observed between the calculated and reference values for partial least square regression analysis.
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    Evaluation of the Effect of Different Extraction Techniques on Sour Cherry Pomace Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Phenolic Compounds by FTIR and HPLC
    (Springer, 2019) Okur, Ilhami; Baltacioglu, Cem; Agcam, Erdal; Baltacioglu, Hande; Alpas, Hami
    Sour cherry pomace derived from mashed cherries that maintains the color and beneficial properties of the cherries (Prunus cerasus L.). In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (900 W for 30, 60 and 90 s.), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (400 and 500 MPa for 1, 5 and 10 min at 20 degrees C) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) (for 5,10 and 15 min with a power of 100%) was used as novel processes. Total phenolic content (TPC), morphological changes, antioxidant activity (AA) and structural changes of cherry pomace were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), DPPH-scavenging activity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). According to the results, all novel technologies (MAE-HHP-UAE) increase PC and AA with respect to conventional solvent extraction method (50 degrees C and 30 min) (CSE). Among novel technologies, MAE (90 s) had highest TPC (275.31 +/- 4.26 GAE/100 g FW) and also had highest antioxidant activity (89.9 +/- 0.22%). The lowest TPC and AA values were 108.36 +/- 3.99 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW) and 71.30 +/- 1.21% in CSE, respectively. According to FTIR results, there are no significant structural changes in samples when different extraction techniques were applied. Individual phenolics were quantified by using HPLC for different extraction techniques. Graphic