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    High power microbial fuel cell operating at low temperature using cow dung waste
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2022) Cek, Nurettin; Erensoy, Ahmet; Ak, Namik; Uslu, Hasan
    Moving towards green technology, alternatives to current detrimental, unsustainable, and expensive energy applications for eco-friendly energy are attracting great attention. Resource recycling and the convenient treatment of animal waste to diminish its nature impact are recently momentous subjects. Microbial fuel cells used cow waste have remarkable potential in electrical energy generation for clean, renewable and sustainable operation. In this study, double-chambered MFC was manufactured using cow manure as raw material at the anode chamber, graphite as the anode and cathode electrodes, fountain water in the cathode chamber, and proton exchange membrane. Because bacteria a catalytic reaction for the latent chemical energy of the cow manure was effectuated as a result of this, MFCs produced electricity. Electricity production performance of this MFC at low temperature (0-10 degrees C) conditions was examined. This MFC produced a maximum of 204.9 +/- 0.1 mV open circuit voltage and 57.387 mW/m(2) power density under low temperature conditions. In particular, the sustainability and applicability of MFCs have been increased thanks to this operation done at low temperatures (0-10 degrees C).
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    Reactive Extraction as an Intensifying Approach for the Recovery of Organic Acids from Aqueous Solution: A Comprehensive Review on Experimental and Theoretical Studies
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2021) Kumar, Sushil; Pandey, Shitanshu; Wasewar, Kailas L.; Ak, Namik; Uslu, Hasan
    Organic acids are important targeted chemicals worldwide due to their variety of functionalities in various fields. Organic acids can be produced through chemical processes of fossil raw materials as well as by the microbial fermentation of natural occurring biomass. Because of growing environmental concern, the production pathways are shifting toward biobased green technologies. The primary challenge in the biological synthesis of organic acids is the downstream recovery of the main products from the fermentation broth/aqueous stream. Among the various techniques for the downstream processing, reactive (liquid) extraction is deemed as a great opportunity for this purpose. It is an energy-saving process with flexibility in production scale and a high degree of separation and selectivity. In this review, starting with highlighting the bioproduction and various alternatives available for the recovery of organic acids from aqueous solution, the reactive extraction, an intensified approach is described in detail. The influence of reactive extraction parameters, insights of equilibrium and kinetic mechanisms, and thermodynamic aspects are discussed and analyzed. Different theoretical models for process optimization, determination of equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters, and quantification of solvents' effect are also explained in detail. This paper also highlights recent experimental and theoretical studies for the recovery of different organic acids using amine, phosphorus, and ionic liquid based extractants from fermentation broth/industrial waste streams. In addition, industrial development on the recovery of organic acids using the reactive extraction approach is also described.