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    Distribution of Aquaporin-4 channels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mk-801-treated balb/c mice
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Ericek, Omer Burak; Akillioglu, Kubra; Saker, Dilek; Cevik, Ibrahim; Kutlu, Meltem Donmez; Kara, Samet; Yilmaz, Dervis Mansuri
    Functional disorders of the glymphatic system and Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) channels take part in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of AQP-4 channels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of NMDA receptor blocking agent-induced schizophrenia-like behavior model. NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 was used to produce the experimental schizophrenia model. MK-801 injections were administered for eleven days to Balb/c mice intraperitoneally. Beginning from the sixth day of injection, the spatial learning and memory of the mice were tested by the Morris water maze (MWM) task. A group of mice was injected with MK-801 for ten days without the MWM task. Hippocampus and prefrontal specimens were collected from this group. Tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically and AQP-4 channels were examined by electron microscope. Time to find the platform was significantly longer at MK-801 injected group than the control group at the MWM task. Also, time spent at the target quadrant by the MK-801 group was shorter compared to the control group. AQP-4 expression increased significantly at MK-801 group glial cells, neuronal perikaryon, perineuronal and pericapillary spaces. In the MK-801 group, there was remarkable damage in neurons and glial cells. Increased AQP-4 channel expression and neurodegeneration at the MK-801 group induced with schizophrenia-like behavior model. MK-801 induced NMDA receptor blockade causes a decline in cognitive and memory functions. Increased AQP-4 expression at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to elicit and transport products of synaptic neurotransmitters and end metabolites is suggested.
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    Living with female rats exposed to restraint stress during pregnancy caused depressive-like behavior in male rats and stress-induced apoptosis
    (Wiley, 2021) Kocahan, Sayad; Akillioglu, Kubra; Sencar, Leman; Sahin, Leyla; Cevik, Ozge Selin; Taskin, Eylem; Guven, Celal
    Objective Maternal mood disorders such as postpartum depression (PPD) can negatively affect the lives not only of mothers but also of partners. The purpose of this study investigates emotional behavior and hippocampal apoptosis alterations of the male live with a postpartum depressed female. Methods Pregnant rats in the stress group were exposed to restraint stress (RS). The male rats who shared the same cages were not exposed to RS. To explain the consequences of depressive-like behavior and anxiety, animals were exposed to the forced swim test (FST), open-field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM). The apoptotic cell number was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated dUTP biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results According to FST, PPD caused more immobility, reduced swimming, and climbing compared to control groups in the stressed female and male (p < 0.05). For the crossing number of squares in the center area, the main effect of the group was significant (p < 0.05). Stressed groups have a higher crossing number of squares in the center area compared to control groups. In the OFT, there was a significant increase in the time spent in the center area in the stress female and male group compared to the control female and male group (p < 0.05). For the EPM, time spent in the close arms was increased in the control male and stress male compared to the stress female group (p < 0.05). Female and male rats with PPD demonstrated apoptosis in neuron and glial cells in the hippocampus. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that RS results in PPD in females. Furthermore, it implicates RS as a potential risk factor for the development of postpartum mood disorder in males. Most of the studies on paternal PPD have been done by using self-report questionnaires. Studies on physiological and hormonal changes during the postpartum period among fathers would provide information on biological factors of depression.