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    Association of a polymorphism in exon 3 of the IGF1R gene with growth, body size, slaughter and meat quality traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Grochowska, E.; Lisiak, D.; Akram, M. Z.; Adeniyi, O. O.; Luehken, G.; Borys, B.
    This study aimed to genotype the polymorphism (c.654G > A) in the exon 3 of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor gene (IGF1R) and to analyze its association with growth, body size, slaughter and meat quality traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. In total, 67 traits were analyzed. The IGF1R polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. The MIXED procedure of the SAS software was used to assess the genotypic effects of the polymorphism (c.654G > A) on production traits of interest. The IGF1R c.654G > A genotypes were found to have a significant effect on the average daily gain between the 56th and 78th day of life, cold carcass, leg part, leg cut, fore shank, and kidney weights, as well as eye of loin depth, intramuscular fat content, and water-holding capacity of meat. The results suggest that the studied polymorphism may provide useful information for marker-assisted selection for increased meat performance in Colored Polish Merino sheep.
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    Essential oils as alternatives to chemical feed additives for maximizing livestock production
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2021) Akram, M. Z.; Asghar, M. U.; Jalal, H.
    This review is aimed at providing basic and current knowledge about possible mechanisms and nutritional applications of essential oils (EOs) for food animals. Public concern on the excessive use of antibiotics in livestock production has started extensive research to find safe and efficient options. EOs extracted from aromatic plants are known to have a range of biologically active properties that can be applied to modern animal production. Primarily, EOs possess anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and digestion enhancing effects as they improve digestive enzymes, improve feed conversion ratio, modulate ruminal fermentation, add antioxidant properties, and underpin animal immunity. The dietary supplementation of EOs demonstrated as a simple and proficient approach to enhance the performance of livestock. However, mechanisms involved in enhancing animal performance, modulating ruminal fermentation, and microflora are still unclear. Moreover, limited information is available regarding interactions among feed, EOs, and gut ecosystem of animals. EOs could be used as nutraceuticals with possible commercial applications in modern animal nutrition such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, growth promoters, and immunomodulators, alternatives to chemical feed additives. This knowledge encourages further investigations about EOs to realize their full potential and build up their standard use in livestock production.