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    Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Aphids Life Cycle: Four Case Species
    (2023) Görür, Gazi; Başer, Gizem; Beğen, Hayal Akyıldırım; Şenol, Özhan; Akyürek, Başak
    Global warming has great potential to influence all organisms including many animal species, in particular aphids. It has been shown that four aphid species, Cinara cedri, Cinara tujafilina, Metopolophium dirhodum, Pterochloroides persicae, maintained their parthenogenetic generations in Niğde and Artvin Provinces during the winter season in contrast to common life cycles related with cooler and dry conditions. It has been considered that determined aphid species should spend winter season as an overwintering egg as these species mainly show holocyclic life cycles in Niğde and Artvin. Fluctuations in winter average temperature in Niğde and Artvin during last two years enable them to produce more parthenogenetic generations as an indicator of the influences of the temperature fluctuations. These findings are in coincidence with the general approaches that increase in temperature most probably result in more generations in aphid species and in turn let these species to become a severe pest.
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    Foresights Derived from Recent Studies Conducted on Turkey Aphid Fauna
    (2020) Görür, Gazi; Şenol, Özhan; Beğen, Hayal Akyıldırım; Akyürek, Başak
    Aphids are one of the economically and ecologically most important groups of insects due to their uniquereproduction, ecological plasticity and life cycles. Aphid causes directly and indirectly crop loses in plant species by sucking plantphloem and transmitting about 60% of plant viruses. Aphid management applications lead to important economic cost each yearthat increases importance of early detection and accurate determination of aphid species. Turkey located at the junction of theimportant continents and passageway of the species. Richness of flora, having large agricultural landscape-diversity, consistingvarious types of climates, being a geographically diverse large country let Turkey to be attractive for aphid species. Turkey consistsof about 12.000 plant species and about 31 % are endemic. Despite these particular features, only about 2% of Turkey aphid fauna,which consist around 570 species, originally recorded from Turkey. Studies about Turkey aphid fauna dated back to beginning ofthe 1990’s and during last two decades more studies have been conducted. It has been clearly shown that any detailed study carriedout by aphid specialist team added non-ignorable number of aphid species to Turkey aphid fauna, recently completed each 3 detailedprojects contributed about 10% new records. There are still large unexplored areas waiting for to be studied and also no sufficientdatabase about how much aphid caused agricultural crop loose in Turkey. Recent prediction made by various research group clearlypointed out that current composition does not reflect the real situation of Turkey aphid fauna. Furthermore, recent climatic changesare going to influence both composition and agricultural damage level of the aphid species. There should be more research institutesand coordination between them to find out present composition and clearly emphasize agricultural importance of aphid species inTurkey.