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    Biocompatible non-leachable antimicrobial polymers with a nonionic hyperbranched backbone and phenolic terminal units
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2022) Arza, Carlos R.; Li, Xiaoya; Ilk, Sedef; Liu, Yang; Demircan, Deniz; Zhang, Baozhong
    This work aimed to develop biocompatible non-leachable antimicrobial polymers without ionic structures. A series of nonionic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) with an isatin-based backbone and phenolic terminal units were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures and thermal properties of the obtained HBPs were characterized by SEC, NMR, FTIR, TGA and DSC analyses. Disk diffusion assay revealed significant antibacterial activity of the obtained phenolic HBPs against nine different pathogenic bacteria. The presence of a methoxy or long alkyl group close to the phenolic unit enhanced the antibacterial effect against certain Gram positive and negative bacteria. The obtained nonionic HBPs were blended in polyester poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) films, which showed no noticeable leakage after being immersed in water for 5 days. Finally, these HBPs showed no cytotoxicity effect to MG-63 osteoblast-like human cells according to MTT analysis, and negligible hemolytic effect.
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    New biobased non-ionic hyperbranched polymers as environmentally friendly antibacterial additives for biopolymers
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2018) Arza, Carlos R.; Ilk, Sedef; Demircan, Deniz; Zhang, Baozhong
    The aim of this research was to develop new biobased non-ionic polymeric additives with significant bacterial inhibition and low leaching potential, so that they can be used to produce biopolymer materials for various applications such as biomedical devices, surgical textile, or food packaging. Two new non-ionic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) were prepared by a facile solvent-free polymerization of an AB2monomer derived from naturally existing molecular building blocks 2-phenylethanol, isatin, and anisole. The molecular structures and thermal properties of the obtained HBPs were characterized by GPC, NMR, FTIR, HRMS, MALDI-TOF, TGA and DSC analyses. Disk diffusion tests revealed that the two obtained HBPs showed more significant antibacterial activity against 9 different food and human pathogenic bacteria, compared with small molecular antibiotics. The maximal antibacterial effect of HBPs was achieved at 2 ae g per disk (or 0.1 mg mL-1), which was significantly lower (similar to 1/15) compared to the linear antibacterial polymer chitosan. Such enhanced antibacterial properties can be attributed to the unique highly branched structures and effectively amplified functionalities of HBPs. Finally, the prepared HBPs were added into natural polymers cellulose and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and the resulting biopolymer films showed no significant leakage after being merged in water for 5 days. This was in sharp contrast to the biopolymer films containing a small model compound, which leaked out significantly under the same conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on non-ionic bio-based dendritic macromolecules with significant bacteria inhibition and low leakage.