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    Biofortification Under Climate Change: The Fight Between Quality and Quantity
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020) Maqbool, Amir; Abrar, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Çalişkan, Sevgi; Khan, Haroon Zaman; Aslam, Muhammad; Aksoy, Emre
    Climate change has been a serious problem in our industrialized world for the last century. We have faced its devastating effects on the environment, agriculture and human population. In current scenarios, around 3.8 billion people are predicted to live in areas with severe water problems by 2025. As the majority of staple crops are sensitive to environmental fluctuations, only an increase in global temperatures by 2 °C can disrupt agricultural practices and crop production periods severely. Therefore, plant breeders have canalized all the efforts to enhance the grain yield and produce more crops under adverse environmental conditions to meet the demand of the ever-increasing human population. However, the majority of current staple crop varieties produce grains with insufficient micronutrients. Moreover, climate change decreases micronutrient uptake from the soil and translocation within the plant body. In this chapter, three strategies (agronomic, breeding and transgenics) of micronutrient biofortification in various staple crops are explained with recent successful examples. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
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    Gamma rays induced genetic variability in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germplasm
    (Elsevier, 2022) Zafar, Syed Ali; Aslam, Muhammad; Albaqami, Mohammed; Ashraf, Awais; Hassan, Arbaz; Iqbal, Junaid; Maqbool, Amir
    The present study assessed the effectiveness of gamma radiation in inducing favorable genetic variability in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to produce M-1 generation. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes as well as between the treatments at individual plant level based on observed traits (seed germination percent-age, seedling survival, plant height, number of flower clusters plant(-1), number of flowers and fruits plant(-1)). All observed characters in the mutagenized population were adversely affected with increasing radiation dose. Results identified 450 Gy as the most damaging radiation dose followed by 300 Gy and 150 Gy. Moreover, 300 Gy treatment was identified as lethal dose (LD50) as it caused a 50% germination inhibition in almost all the evaluated genotypes. The 150 Gy treatment showed the least damaging impact and induced maximum genetic variability in almost all the genotypes under study. Character association studies were also conducted which could be utilized in the selection of desirable mutants. Correlation studies revealed an altered association among the observed parameters from positive to neg-ative direction in 300 Gy and 450 Gy treatments as compared to control. These deviations in correlation coefficients proved that mutagenesis can break the linkage among specific loci. Furthermore, path coefficient analysis identified the growth attributes with an effective direct and indirect contribution in yield.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.