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    An Approach for Moving Block Signalling System and Safe Distance Calculation
    (IEEE, 2018) Ates, Ertugrul; Ustoglu, Ilker
    This study represents a moving block signaling system model. In this system, different from the conventional railway systems, there are access points near the railway and moving trains communicates via them. In this way, not only railway traffic flow is increased but also waiting time for the passengers is decreased, especially in metro lines. In this work, representing a multi-carriage train, multi-degree of freedom mass-spring-damper models are used. Then, a tractive force and braking force are applied to the system as an input and location is obtained from this output. In addition, a limit movement authority is defined for control algorithm. So, trains move according to this authority. Finally, for the safe stop of trains, brake distance value is calculated. This equation is solved depending on the speed of the rear train. So, if the rear train accelerates, the distance will increase according to the square of the speed of the rear train. Besides, depending on the speed of the rear train and travel time, a safety margin distance is obtained. The proposed technic is simulated by using Matlab-Simulink (TM) and the results including train models, speed profiles, locations, accelerations etc. are shown in Figures.
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    Design and real-time implementation of a sliding mode observer utilizing voltage signal injection and PLL for sensorless control of IPMSMs
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ates, Ertugrul; Tekgun, Burak; Ablay, Gunyaz; Barut, Murat
    In this study, a sliding mode observer (SMO) based on high-frequency (HF) voltage signal injection and a phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed for estimating the extended electromotive force (EEMF), rotor position, and rotor velocity of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). This approach addresses real-time estimation challenges associated with standard SMO and PLL at very low speeds and standstill. A reliable and accurate sensorless speed control system for IPMSM is then developed and implemented in real time using the proposed SMO and PLL, covering a wide range of speeds, including low-speed and standstill conditions. The SMO effectively estimates the EEMF, while the PLL extracts the rotor velocity and position based on these estimates. Compared to conventional SMO and PLL methods, real-time results from an 8-pole, 0.4 kW IPMSM demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed system. © 2024