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    Halophytes have potential as heavy metal phytoremediators: A comprehensive review
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Caparros, Pedro Garcia; Ozturk, Munir; Gul, Alvina; Batool, Tuba Sharf; Pirasteh-Anosheh, Hadi; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Altay, Volkan
    Halophytes are widely distributed worldwide and thrive in a wide range of environments such as coastal salt marshes, dunes, saline depressions, and inland deserts. They are also able to cope with heavy metal stress due to their developed morphological and physiological traits such as restricted entry of heavy metals through the root system, synthesis and storage of osmolytes such as proline, and intracellular complexation/chelation/compartmentalization of metal ions. Heavy metal-polluted areas result in yield losses of crops, higher environmental risks for the population, and a severe reduction in biodiversity of these areas. This review highlights studies on the heavy metal phytoremediation capacity of halophytic species from different plant families. An attempt has been made to include the pertinent information regarding heavy metal phytoremediation together with the most important characteristics of halophytes, followed by information on different studies conducted under controlled conditions or in natural environments related to heavy metal phytoremediation of different halophyte taxa from different families. The most promising species have been classified as phytoextractors or phytostabilizers together with recommendations for future research prospects in this topic.
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    Molecular and genetic perspectives of cold tolerance in wheat
    (Springer, 2023) Ahad, Arzoo; Gul, Alvina; Batool, Tuba Sharf; Noor-ul Huda, Noor-ul; Naseeer, Faiza; Salam, Uzma Abdul; Salam, Maria Abdul
    Environmental variation is the most crucial problem as it is causing food insecurity and negatively impacts food availability, utilization, assessment, and stability. Wheat is the largest and extensively cultivated staple food crop for fulfilling global food requirements. Abiotic stresses including salinity, heavy metal toxicity, drought, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stresses being the primary cause of productivity loss are a serious threat to agronomy. Cold stress is a foremost ecological constraint that is extremely influencing plant development, and yield. It is extremely hampering the propagative development of plant life. The structure and function of plant cells depend on the cell's immune system. The stresses due to cold, affect fluid in the plasma membrane and change it into crystals or a solid gel phase. Plants being sessile in nature have evolved progressive systems that permit them to acclimatize the cold stress at the physiological as well as molecular levels. The phenomenon of acclimatisation of plants to cold stress has been investigated for the last 10 years. Studying cold tolerance is critical for extending the adaptability zones of perennial grasses. In the present review, we have elaborated the current improvement of cold tolerance in plants from molecular and physiological viewpoints, such as hormones, the role of the posttranscriptional gene, micro RNAs, ICE-CBF-COR signaling route in cold acclimatization and how they are stimulating the expression of underlying genes encoding osmoregulatory elements and strategies to improve cold tolerance in wheat.