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    Arsenic and Human Health: Genotoxicity, Epigenomic Effects, and Cancer Signaling
    (Springernature, 2022) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Bhat, Rouf Ahmad; Ejaz, Mahnoor; Gul, Alvina; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz
    Arsenic is a well-known element because of its toxicity. Humans as well as plants and animals are negatively affected by its exposure. Some countries suffer from high levels of arsenic in their tap water and soils, which is considered a primary arsenic-linked risk factor for living beings. Humans generally get exposed to arsenic by contaminated drinking waters, resulting in many health problems, ranging from cancer to skin diseases. On the other hand, the FDA-certified drug arsenic trioxide provides solutions for various diseases, including several types of cancers. This issue emphasizes the importance of speciation of the metalloid elements in terms of impacts on health. When species get exposed to arsenic, it affects the cells altering their involvement. It can lead to abnormalities in inflammatory mechanisms and the immune system which contribute to the negative impacts generated on the body. The poisoning originating from arsenic gives rise to various biological signs on the body which can be useful for the diagnosis. It is important to find true biomarkers for the detection of arsenic poisoning. In view of its application in medicine and biology, studies on understanding the biological activity of arsenic have increased. In this review, we aim at summarizing the current state of knowledge of arsenic and the mechanism behind its toxicity including genotoxicity, oxidative insults, epigenomic changes, and alterations in cellular signaling.
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    Phytohormones and Stress Responsive Secondary Metabolites
    (Elsevier, 2023) Ozturk, Munir; Bhat, Rouf Ahmad; Ashraf, Muhammad; Tonelli, Fernanda Maria Policarpo; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Dar, Gowhar Hamid
    Phytohormones and Stress Responsive Secondary Metabolites provides a deep dive into the signaling pathways associated with phytohormones and phytometabolites. With a strong focus on plant stress responses and DNA technology, the book highlights plant biotechnology and metabolic engineering principles. Biotechnology, by using DNA editing technologies, allows the expression of plant genes into other plant species with desirable modulation on plant behavior. Beginning with an overview of phytohormone signaling, growth and abiotic and biotic stresses, subsequent chapters explore DNA modification strategies, epigenetic and epigenomic regulation, and miRNA regulation. This book will be an essential resource for students, researchers and agriculturalists interested in plant physiology, plant genetics and plant biotechnology. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Role of Rare Earth Elements in Plants
    (Springer, 2023) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Prasad, Majeti Narasimha Vara; Gul, Alvina; Bhat, Rouf Ahmad; Darvash, Moonisa Aslam
    Rare earth elements (generally abbreviated as REEs) are the name used to define 17 metals with special physicochemical features. In general, REEs are interest of chemists mainly because of their peculiar chemical abilities. However, this situation started to change, and REEs, recently, turn out to be a hotspot also for environmental biologist, plant biologist, and molecular biologists. Despite that there are diverse studies regarding biology of these elements (also defined as metals), biologist still have limited knowledge about the mechanisms of REE action in living (particular in reducing their toxic effects at high doses) and about the areas in which these metals can be used as biotechnological tools. REEs have a peculiarity that they can bind to other molecules to enhance several physiological activities like growth and development in plants and photosynthesis, and they are able to behave as synergistic agents for the intake of several nutrients. The supply of these elements in several species can be, as well, an important source of synthesis of natural compounds. The exogenous application of REEs in plants has been demonstrated to antagonize damages of salinity and metal stresses. The present review aims to put forward a comprehensive account of the latest findings related to the effects of REEs' on different aspects of plant growth and development. This compilation mainly targets scientists who afford to discover action mechanisms of REEs and researchers focussing on the amelioration of adverse consequences generated by REEs.
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    Vulnerability of municipal solid waste: An emerging threat to aquatic ecosystems
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bhat, Rouf Ahmad; Singh, Dig Vijay; Qadri, Humaira; Dar, Gowhar Hamid; Dervash, Moonisa Aslam; Bhat, Shakeel Ahmad; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz
    Dumping waste materials into aquatic ecosystems leads to pollution, which directly and indirectly poses a danger to all life forms. Currently, huge quantities of wastes are generated at a global scale with varying constituents, including organic fractions, emerging contaminants and toxic metals. These wastes release concentrated contaminants (leachates), which are lethal for all ecosystems around the globe because they contain varying concentrations of chemical constituents with BOD5 and COD in the order of 2 x 10(4)-2.7 x 10(4) mg/L, and 3.4 x 10(4)-3.8 x 10(4) mg/L, respectively. Herein, in-depth knowledge of municipal solid waste dumping into the aquatic ecosystems, changes in physicochemical characteristics, availability of in-/organic contaminants, and long-term unhealthy effects are presented. Moreover, an attempt has been made here to summarize the facts related to identifying the deadly impacts of waste on different ecosystem components. The unresolved challenges of municipal waste management are emphasized, which will help employ suitable waste management techniques and technologies to conserve the everlasting freshwater resources on earth.