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Öğe Analysis of pupillary responses in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency(Springer, 2024) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Oztorun, Zeynep Yilmaz; Bicer, Kadir Eren; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurpose To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pupillary responses in the pediatric population. Methods The study was conducted using data from the right eyes of 52 children with vitamin D deficiency and 52 healthy children. Measurements were taken under static and dynamic conditions with automatic pupillometry. Static measurements were performed at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated by observing the changes in pupil dilation over time according to dynamic measurements. Differences between patient and control groups were analyzed for the static and dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilation speed. Results While the two groups were similar in terms of scotopic, mesopic, the first dynamic measurements, and the pupil dilation speed data (p > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the photopic conditions (p = 0.001). The mean pupil diameter of the patient group was 4.46 +/- 0.928 mm and 3.95 +/- 0.556 mm in the control group under photopic conditions. Conclusions Pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency have significantly larger pupil diameters in photopic conditions than healthy children. These results suggest that there is an autonomic dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population, especially pointing to the parasympathetic system.Öğe Are VEGF and SCUBE1 gene expressions increased in diabetic retinopathy?(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2023) Ayan, Durmus; Zor, Kuersad Ramazan; Ozmen, Esma; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Onder, Cagatay Emir; Sari, IsmailObjectives: In the current study, we synergistically evaluated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression levels and signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) gene expression levels in diabetic patients without retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods: 94 blood samples from 26 healthy controls, 29 non-DR, 22 NPDR, and 17 PDR patients were collected in sterile EDTA tubes. Total RNA was obtained from these samples without waiting and then converted to cDNA. The expression levels of the VEGF and SCUBE1 genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain re-action (qPCR).Results: SCUBE1 gene expression levels were 2.15 (p=0.015), 1.75 (p=0.799), 2.37 (p=0.037) times higher, and VEGF gene expression levels were 1.71 (p=0.023), 1.75 (p=0.012), 1.85 (p=0.031) times higher in the non-DR, NPDR, and PDR groups compared to the control group, respectively. VEGF gene expression levels were significantly higher in participants with HbA1c levels >= 5.7% compared to those with < 5.7. SCUBE1 and VEGF gene expression levels were significantly higher in participants with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels >= 126 mg/dL than those with < 126 mg/dL.Conclusions: As a result, SCUBE1 gene expression levels are higher than VEGF gene expression levels, especially in the PDR group. Therefore, SCUBE1 may contribute to the pathology of DR just like VEGF by generating angiogenesis. However, we believe there isa need for experimental animal model studies with DR examining SCUBE1 gene expression levels in tissue samples.Öğe Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Zor, Kuraad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Gunaydin, Nesrin Tutas; Kucuk, Erkut; Yilmaz, UgurObjectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 +/- 7,046 mu m (p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 +/- 6,353 mu m (p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 +/- 6,324 mu m (p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 +/- 1.30 mu m (p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 +/- 9,033 mu m (p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 +/- 9,457 mu m (p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 +/- 9,158 mu m (p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 +/- 1,289 mu m (p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.Öğe Can the long term using of pregabalin in fibromyalgia affect the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer?(Springernature, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Kadir Eren; Kucuk, Erkut; Kucuk, Esin BenliBackground In this study, the effects of long-term pregabalin use on the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer were investigated in the fibromyalgia disease. Methods The patient group consisted of 41 fibromyalgia patients using pregabalin. The control group consisted of 41 newly diagnosed fibromyalgia patients who had not received any treatment yet. Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were performed with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) 30 minutes after pupil dilation with 1% tropicamide. Results There was no difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness, nasal choroidal thickness and temporal choroidal thickness between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). Increasing the duration of drug use within the patient group was found to thin the retinal nerve fiber layer (p < 0.05). Conclusion We found that pregabalin had no effect on the choroid, while it had a thinning effect for retinal nerve fiber layer. It is recommended not to be preferred pregabalin in fibromyalgia patients with retinal nerve fiber layer damage such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Patients treated with pregabalin should have regular control in the ophthalmology clinic.Öğe Choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in acute systemic brucellosis(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Gulen, Tugba Arslan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kucuk, Erkut; Imre, Ayfer; Odemis, Ilker; Kayabas, UnerIntroduction This study aims to detect changes in choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in acute stage brucellosis. Methods Fnewly diagnosed patients with acute brucellosis and 19 healthy individuals as control group were included in the study. Choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were measured using the Spectral Domain Cirrus OCT Model 400 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) for each participant in the patient and control group. Results In the brucella group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 272.77 +/- 50.26 mu m (p = 0.689), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 321.14 +/- 33.08 mu m (p = 0.590), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 278.86 +/- 48.84 mu m (p = 0.478), and the mean RNFL thickness was 90.43 +/- 8.93 mu m (p = 0.567). In the left eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 282.29 +/- 48.93 mu m (p = 0.715), the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 316.79 +/- 39.57 mu m (p = 0.540), the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 284.93 +/- 50.57 mu m (p = 0.392), and the mean RNFL thickness was 92.64 +/- 8.95 mu m (p = 0.813). Conclusion No difference was found between the control and the brucella groups regarding to all choroidal regions and RNFL thickness.Öğe Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients with post-traumatic open globe injury(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kuersad RamazanPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and clinical features of pediatric traumatic open globe injuries in our region.Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients under the age of 18 who were diagnosed with open globe injury between January 2012 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data of the patients such as age, gender, time of injury, area of injury, type of injury, and cause of injury were recorded. Initial and final visual acuity and ocular findings at admission were recorded. Factors associated with final visual acuity were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the patients was 7.62 +/- 4.22 years. The majority of the patients were male (n=28, 66,7%). The right eye was the most injured (n=30, 71.4%). The initial visual acuity of approximately 72.5% (n=29) of the patients was worse than 20/200. And the final visual acuity of 50% of the patients (n=20) was below 20/200. The most common type of injury was penetrating trauma (n=18, 42.9%). The region with the highest trauma was Zone I (n=30, 71.4%). The most traumatic materials were metallic objects (n=13, 31%). The most common accompanying clinical finding was lens damage (n=18, 42.9%). Iris damage, lens damage, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, type of injury, material causing the injury, and injury area were significantly associated with final vision.Conclusion: In our region, open globe injuries were mostly observed in boys under 12 years in the pediatric age group. Penetrating and cutting metallic objects seem to be the most important cause of trauma. Parents and all caregivers should be informed of the seriousness of open globe injuries to prevent possible injuries.Öğe Do static and dynamic pupillary parameters differ according to childhood, adulthood, and old age? A quantitative study in healthy volunteers(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, ErkutPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study. Methods: The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19-40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41-75. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Results: Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027). Conclusion: We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed.Öğe Dry eye in chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia: A cross-sectional study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Kucuk, Esin Benli; Kucuk, Erkut; Kaydok, Ercan; Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze YildirimObjective: Dry eye is reported to be associated with several neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with hemiplegia after stroke for dry eye and compare their results with a control group. Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with hemiplegia and 45 individuals as the control group were included in the study. Tear function tests (Schirmer and tear breakup time) and a dry eye questionnaire for dry eye symptoms (ocular surface disease index) were performed and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: Schirmer test results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (11.3 +/- 8.2 mm and 20.6 +/- 11.6 mm, respectively, p < .001). Tear breakup time results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (7.9 +/- 3.1 s and 12.1 +/- 4.3 s, respectively, p < .001). Ocular surface disease index scores were not significantly different between hemiplegia and control groups (21.6 +/- 20.0 and 19.8 +/- 13.9, respectively, p = .635). Schirmer scores lower than 10 mm (60% and 30%, p < .001) and tear breakup time results lower than 10 s (65.6% and 28.9%, p < .001) were also higher in the hemiplegia group compared to control group. Conclusion: We found lower Schirmer test and tear breakup time results and similar OSDI scores in hemiplegia patients compared to controls. Hemiplegia patients may have dry eye without typical symptoms. This should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.Öğe Efficacy of automatic pupillometry as a screening technique to detect autonomic dysfunction in bipolar disorder(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kurt, Aydin; Zor, Kursad RamazanBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the static and dynamic pupillary responses of bipolar patients with healthy controls. In addition, pupillary response differences between mania, depression and remission stages were investigated.MethodsThe bipolar patient group consisted of 39 eyes of 39 patients with 13 patients in each of the stages: mania, depression and remission. The control group consisted of 39 eyes of 39 healthy volunteers. After the ophthalmic examination, static and dynamic pupillometry measurements were made. The mean pupil dilatation speed was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Static pupillometry measurements including scotopic, mesopic and photopic pupil diameters; the first dynamic measurements at 0th second and pupillary dilatation speed were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was no difference static and the first dynamic pupillometry measurements between the bipolar and control groups (p > 0.05 for all parameters), but there was a significant difference in mean pupil dilatation speed (p = 0.041). No significant differences were found between the 3 groups for all static and the first dynamic pupillometry measurements and the mean pupil dilatation speed (p > 0.05).ConclusionStatic and the first dynamic measurements of bipolar patients were not different from healthy controls. The mean pupil dilatation speed of bipolar patients was significantly lower, but this difference had a low effect size.Öğe Etiologic and demographic characteristics of patients with anisocoria(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Iscan, DilekAim: In this study, we aimed to present the etiological causes and clinical features of the patients followed for anisocoria and to determine the most common causes according to age groups.Material and Methods: The medical records of the patients aged 18 years and over who were followed up for anisocoria between June 2017 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups were formed including patients aged 18-45 as Group 1 and patients over 45 years old as Group 2. The etiological causes were divided into 4 groups as physiological anisocoria, pharmacological anisocoria, ocular pathologies and nervous system pathologies. It was examined whether there was a difference between the two groups in terms of four main etiological reasons.Results: A total of 99 patients followed for anisocoria between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study analysis. The most common cause of anisocoria was found to be due to ocular pathologies (64 eyes, 64.6%). The second most common etiologic cause was found to be physiological anisocoria (20 eyes, 20.2%). Anisocoria was observed in 12 (12.1%) patients due to neurogenic dysfunction and in 3 (3%) patients due to pharmacological effects. There was no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 according to etiological causes (p=0.089).Discussion: The ocular pathologies were found to be the most common cause of anisocoria. The most common ocular causes detected also varied in parallel to demographic changes. There is a need for descriptive studies of the etiology of anisocoria with a higher number of participants.Öğe EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, 3-NITROTYROSINE, AND HMGB-1 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH WET TYPE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION(Soc Medical Biochemists Serbia, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Sari, Ismail; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Gunturk, Inayet; Kucuk, Erkut; Ersan, Serpil; Seydel, Gonul SeydaBackground: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wettype Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other. Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg/mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p = 0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p = 0.228). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.Öğe How are pupillary parameters affected in pseudoexfoliation syndrome? A quantitative study(Springer, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurposeWe evaluated the effects of pseudoexfoliation syndrome on dynamic, static pupillary parameters (scotopic, mesopic, photopic) and the pupil dilation speed, with automatic pupillometry.Material and methodsThe study group included 140 eyes with clinically visible pseudoexfoliation material (PXM) of 110 patients. The study group was compared with the control group formed by including 140 eyes of 110 patients. Scotopic measurements at 0.4 lx illumination, mesopic measurements at 4 lx illumination, and photopic measurements at 40 lx illumination were performed. Dynamic measurements were made at 500 lx illumination. The mean pupil dilation speed at 10th second was calculated. In addition, the eyes (80 patients) with clinically unilateral PXM were compared with the other eyes of the patients.ResultsThe mean scotopic, mesopic, photopic and dynamic pupil diameters of eyes with clinical PXM were compared with the control group, all values were found to be significantly lower in eyes with PXM. (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively). The mean speed of pupil dilation at the 10th second was also significantly lower in the pseudoexfoliation syndrome group (p < 0.0001). The measurement results of the patients with clinical PXM were significantly lower than the other unaffected eyes (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.048, p = 0.035, respectively). The mean speed of pupil dilation at 10th second was also significantly lower in eyes with PXM (p = 0.009).ConclusionResults clearly reveal that pseudoexfoliation syndrome affects iris mechanisms. Although pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a systemic syndrome, we can say that the emergence of iris dysfunction findings is parallel with the clinical observation of PXM.Öğe Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Bipolar Disorder Patients and the Related Factors(Aves, 2023) Kurt, Aydin; Zor, Kuersad Ramazan; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kuecuek, Erkut; Ersan, Etem ErdalBackground: This study's purpose is to determine the effects of current episode and the mood stabilizers on chorioretinal layer thicknesses of bipolar disorder (BD) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with BD I and using lithium (Li) or valproic acid (VPA), of whom 20 were manic, 24 were depressive, and 23 were in remission, and 49 healthy individuals were included in the study. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer, and macular thicknesses of the participants were measured automatically using SD-OCT, and their choroid layer thicknesses were measured manually using the depth imaging mode of SD-OCT. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: The patient group's mean age was 39.78 +/- 11.78, and the control group's mean age was 42.06 +/- 12.10. The mean disease duration was 13.22 +/- 8.23 in the patient group, and 26 patients were using Li. While peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were lower in the patient group (P < .05), other layer measurements were similar between the groups. Moreover, the episodes experienced by BD patients did not affect chorioretinal SD-OCT measurements. The patients on VPA had significantly lower RNFL thicknesses compared to the control and the Li groups, and all chorioretinal measurements were similar between the Li and the control groups. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was established that neurodegenerative processes play a role in the pathophysiology of BD and the usage of Li is protective against the neurodegeneration of RNFL. Retinal changes measured with SD-OCT can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of BD and for evaluating responses to mood stabilizers.Öğe Pupillary response changes in Graves' disease(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Onder, Cagatay Emir; Zor, Kursad RamazanPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate pupillary contraction and dilatation response changes in Graves' disease. Materials and Methods: The patient group consisted of 55 euthyroid Graves patients and the control group consisted of 55 healthy individuals. Data from the right eyes of all participants were used. Static (scotopic, mesopic, photopic) and dynamic pupillometry measurements were performed with automatic pupillometry. The mean pupil dilatation speed was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Static measurements, dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilatation speed data were compared between the patient and control groups.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in all static and dynamic values and the mean pupil dilatation speed. The mean scotopic pupil diameter was 5.41 & PLUSMN;0.776 mm in Graves' group and 5.55 & PLUSMN;0.747 mm in the control group. The mean mesopic pupil diameter was 4.39 & PLUSMN;0.721 in Graves' group and 4.17 & PLUSMN;0.640 mm in the control group. The mean photopic pupil diameter was 3.45 & PLUSMN;0,549 mm in Graves' group and 3.29 & PLUSMN;0.679 mm in the control group. The mean dynamic pupil diameter 0th second was 3, 54 & PLUSMN;0.541 mm in Graves' group and 3.48 & PLUSMN;0.708 mm in the control group. The mean speed of pupil dilatation at 18th second was 0.116 & PLUSMN;0.031 mm/sec in Graves' group and 0.128 & PLUSMN;0.040 mm/sec in the control group. Age was found to be an independent factor on pupillary parameters.Conclusion: The pupillary parameters of patients with euthyroid hormone levels were not affected. While pupillary responses appeared not to be affected in the case of euthyroidism, more studies including patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are needed.Öğe The Evaluation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Patients with Early-Late Stage Glaucoma(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2022) Zor, Kursad Ramazan; Kucuk, Erkut; Bicer, Gamze Yildirim; Kivrak, UlviyeObjective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and patients with early- and late-stage glaucoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and investigate the similarity and differences of RNFL thickening and thinning regions between these groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups; retinitis pigmentosa (group 1), early-stage glaucoma (group 2), and medium- and advanced-stage glaucoma (group 3). The RNFL thickness of all patients were measured. Each group consisted of 20 patients. Results: RNFL thinning was most frequently detected in the inferior quadrant, and then in the superior quadrant in all 3 groups and thickening was not detected in these 2 quadrants in glaucoma groups. The thickening was most frequently detected in the temporal quadrant, and in the 9 o' clock segment in all groups. In groups 1 and 2, the nasal quadrant was second after the temporal quadrant in RNFL thickening. RNFL thickening and thinning regions were found to be similar in these 2 diseases, which progress with ganglion cell damage. The horizontal quadrants were less affected and vertical quadrants were more affected regardless of the disease. Conclusion: The similar changes in the RNFL layer in these 2 different diseases with different mechanisms suggest that ganglion cells might have a specific response to various disease processes.Öğe Two major causes of morbidity in geriatrics: Cataract, knee osteoarthritis and patients' body awareness(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Bicer, Kadir Eren; Bicer, Gamze YildirimAim: Cataract and osteoarthritis are important diseases that cause morbidity in the geriatric population. Age is an important risk factor for both diseases. There is no clear information about the correlation of the severity of diseases yet. Material and Methods: The cataract score for the right and left eyes and the osteoarthritis stage for the right and left knee of each patient were determined. After staging, body awareness questionnaire (BAQ) was administered to the patients to test their body awareness. In the study, the correlation of the patients' cataract scores and osteoarthritis stages was examined. In addition, relationships between the cataract score and the BAQ score and between the osteoarthritis stage and the BAQ score were analyzed. Results: There was a significant correlation between patients' cataract scores and osteoarthritis stages, but this correlation was not strong. Cataract progression was found to be more asymmetrical than osteoarthritis. It was also found that the relationship between the cataract stage and body awareness was much stronger than the osteoarthritis stage. Discussion:The diseases identified in this study have the potential to cause significant clinical and economic consequences when inadequately treated. Therefore, geriatric screening programs can provide a chance for treatment before diseases progress.
