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Öğe Chemical, bioactive properties and in vitro digestibility of spray-dried fish silages: Comparison of two discard fish (Equulites klunzingeri and Carassius gibelio) silages(WILEY, 2018) Ozyurt, G.; Boga, M.; Ucar, Y.; Boga, E. K.; Polat, A.The fermented fish silages produced with Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus gallinarum, and formic acid silages were compared for production of two discard fish silages (Equulites klunzingeri and Carassius gibelio). The E/NE ratio of spray-dried fish silages was determined in range of 0.80-1.10 for E.klunzingeri and 0.80-0.90 for C. gibelio silages. Pediococcus acidilactici and En. gallinarum groups had greater antioxidant activity than other silage groups. The DPPH radical scavenging ability was found as 6.14%-14.71% and 6.99%-13.36% for E.klunzingeri and C. gibelio silages, respectively. The OMD, ME and NEL values were determined in range of 69.74%-80.08%, 6.38-8.65 MJ/kg DM and 6.45-7.49 MJ/kg DM, respectively for spray-dried E.klunzingeri silages and 81.18%-86.62%, 8.97-9.61 MJ/kg DM and 7.61-8.08 MJ/kg DM, respectively, for spray-dried C. gibelio silages. According to the nutritional and chemical evaluation, spray-dried fish silages have great potential as a feed components because of high rate of digestibility and nutritious components.Öğe Determination of Nutrient Contents and In vitro Gas Production Values of Some Legume Forages Grown in the Harran Plain Saline Soils(ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC, 2014) Boga, M.; Yurtseven, S.; Kilic, U.; Aydemir, S.; Polat, T.The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of some legume species in salt-affected soils of South-East Anatolian region using chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. In this study, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa were sown and tested in four different locations. A 3 by 4 factorial design with 3 legume species and 4 salt levels (non salty electrical conductivity (EC)<4 dS/m; low salt: 4 dS/m>EC<8 dS/m, medium saline: 8 dS/m>EC<16 dS/m and high salt: 16 dS/m>EC) was used in the study. Results indicated that salinity and plants had no significant effect on ash and ether extract. Dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake (DMI) were affected by plant, salinity and plantxsalinity interaction. On the other hand neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value (RFV), and DMI were affected by salinity and plantxsalinity interaction. Mineral contents were affected by plant species, salinity and salinityxplants interactions. In vitro gas production, their kinetics and estimated parameters such as were not affected by salinity whereas the gas production up to 48 h, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy lactation (NEL) were affected by plant and plantxsalt interaction. Generally RFVs of all species ranged from 120 to 210 and were quite satisfactory in salty conditions. Current results show that the feed value of Medicago saliva is higher compared to Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium alexandrinum.Öğe Determination of Nutritional Value of Alfalfa Varieties and Lines by Using the In Vitro Method and Gas Production Technique(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Boga, M.; Ayasan, TugayThis study was organized to determine the nutritional value of different alfalfa varieties and lines selected within the scope of the Cukurova Region Alfalfa Breeding Project, conducted at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, by using the in vitro gas production technique. In the project, Nimet was certified as a new variety. The used alfalfa lines were YSH 26-12, YSH 23-9, YSH 21-1, YSH 27-9, YSH 37-12, YSH 35-11, YSH 28-6, YSH 16-11, YSH 14-3, and YSH 11-4. The certified Nimet variety was used as a control. Alfalfas have been harvested in April, at the beginning of blooming. Chemical composition, metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the certified Nimet variety with 10 different alfalfa lines used in the experiment were determined by Hohenheim in vitro gas production technique. The incubation times in the Hohenheim gas production technique are 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96th hours. Crude protein (CP), crude cellulose (CC), NDF, and ADF contents of the alfalfa varieties and lines ranged between 19.06-22.40%, 24.90-33.30%, 33.16-45.73%, and 30.77-39.75%, respectively. After 96-hour incubation, the highest total gas production (GP) was found at the YSH 11-4 line (45.32 ml) (P < 0.05). While ME, OMD and NEL contents were found to be high at the YSH 11-4 line, ME and OMD values were statistically different from the YSH 28-6, YSH 16-11, YSH 14-3, and YSH 21-1 lines. On the other hand, NEL values were determined different from YSH 23-9, YSH 21-1, YSH 28-6, YSH 16-11, YSH 14-3 lines.Öğe Determination of Nutritive Value of Soybean Varieties Using in vitro Methods and Gas Production Technique(Islamic Azad Univ, Rasht, 2019) Ayasan, T.; Boga, M.; Baylan, M.; Ergur, S.; Kutay, H.; Saber, S. Naeim; Mizrale, C.This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. This study revealed that there were variations among five different soybean varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of soybean seeds ranged from 5.42 to 5.59%. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to 21.6%, respectively. The ether extract (EE) ranged from 18.72 to 21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlican varieties (P<0.05). The metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320%, respectively. As a result of this study, soybean variety can be successfully used for ruminant feeds. There are considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties. Turksoy and Nazlican varieties are recommended for use in ration because of higher protein and digestibility.Öğe Effect of Previous Plant on Chemical Composition of Sweet Corn Grain(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Idikut, L.; Boga, M.; Atalay, A. I.; Kara, S. N.; Kamalak, A.The aim of present study was to determine the effect of previous plant on the chemical composition of sweet corn produced as a second crop. The previous plant had a significant effect on the chemical composition of sweet corn grain. The crude protein content of sweet corn grain obtained after Vicia saliva plant was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that obtained after wheat plant. The crude protein content of sweet corn grain ranged from 13.23-14.02% of DM. On the other hand, NDF, EE and NFC contents of sweet corn grain obtained after Vicia saliva plant was significantly (p<0.001) lower than that obtained after wheat plant. However, the previous plant had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the cellulose and ADF contents of sweet corn grain. There is a significant relationship among nutrients contents of sweet corn grains. The CP and ash content were negatively correlated with NDF and ADF, whereas the CP and ash content were positively correlated with EE and NFC contents of sweet corn grain. On the other hand, NDF content was negatively correlated with EE and NFC of sweet corn grain. The EE content was positively correlated with NFC. The previous plant affected the chemical composition of sweet corn grain obtained as a second crop. The sweet corn plant should be sown after Vicia saliva to obtain sweet corn grain with high protein, ash and non-fibre carbohydrate contents.Öğe EMISSIONS OF SOME GREENHOUSE GASES FROM THE MANURE OF EWES FED ON POMEGRANATE PEEL, YUCCA EXTRACT, AND THYME OIL(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2018) Yurtseven, S.; Avci, M.; Cetin, M.; Ozturk, I; Boga, M.Sixteen dairy ewes 1 to 2 months pregnant and weighing 50.4 +/- 1.02 kg on average were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments, four animals to each treatment: 1) control, 2) yucca saponin (YE, 0.1%), 3) pomegranate peel (PP, 15%), or 4) thyme oil (TO, 0.1%). Total gas production from the fresh manure was measured and the contents of CH4, N2O, and CO2 were determined. Digestibility in vivo and nitrogen balance were also determined. Feed intake and body weight were not affected whereas some properties of the manure (dry matter, total N, ADF, and NDF but neither ash nor pH) were affected by the composition of the feed. Total manure production and the emissions of CH4 and CO2 expressed as parts per million per millilitre of manure were similar in all the four treatments whereas the content of N2O was higher in the control. Supplementing the rations with tannin, saponin, or thyme oil reduced N2O emissions from the manure.Öğe Potential effect of some essential oils on rumen methane reduction and digestibility by in Vitro incubation technique(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021) Rofiq, M.N.; Negara, W.; Martono, S.; Gopar, R.A.; Boga, M.Since excessive use of in-feed antibiotics and chemical feed supplements can potentially affect health risks and environmental problems, organic feed supplement became alternative save material. Organic material such as essential oils (EO) is potential for feed additive in the livestock industry because of their main activity as rumen manipulator. Their potential as rumen manipulators has not enough for type and doses of essential oils experiment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate 6 essential oils/EO's (garlic/, thyme, clove, orange peel, mint, and cinnamon) with different doses (100, 200 and 300 ppm) on in vitro rumen methane reduction and in vitro digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. The experiment resulted highest level in in-vitro methane reduction potential (MRP, %) 72.83% at orange peel oils 300 ppm after 6 h incubation, while using clove oils 300 ppm had highest in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTDDM) 81.41% after 30-hour incubation. Using Cinnamon oils had high value both of MRP level and IVTDDM (48.91 and 79.12 %). In Conclusion, all essential oils reduced in vitro rumen methane production at 6 h incubation compared to control at 300 ppm and there was no negative effect on In Vitro Digestibility. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Öğe Potential Nutritive Value of Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Pods from Different Growing Sites for Ruminants(TARBIAT MODARES UNIV, 2012) Kamalak, A.; Guven, I.; Kaplan, M.; Boga, M.; Atalay, A. I.; Ozkan, C. O.The nutritive values of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites were evaluated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production techniques. Growing site was found to have a significant (P< 0.001) effect on the chemical composition. The CP contents of honey locust pods ranged from 67.2 to 119.9 g kg(-1) DM. Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) ranged from 122.3 to 152.2 g kg(-1) DM. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents varied with growing site in the range of 299.6 to 414.3 and 195.3 to 262.9 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Condensed tannin (CT) contents ranged from 27.8 to 148.2 g kg(-1) DM. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition significantly (P< 0.001) increased gas production and some estimated parameters of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites. However, honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites showed variable responses to PEG treatment. There were also significant (P< 0.001) differences among growing sites in terms of gas production and estimated parameters. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites without PEG supplementation ranged from 58.81 to 65.86% and 8.85 to 9.92 MJ kg(-1) DM respectively. The improvement in gas production, the OMD and ME with PEG emphasized the negative effect of tannins on digestibility. The increase (%) in the estimated OMD and ME contents ranged from 6.30 to 15.81% and 5.61 to 14.94%, respectively.Öğe The effects of choice feeding and season on the feeding behaviour and growth performance of calves(KIELANOWSKI INST ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION, 2012) Gorgulu, M.; Akyol, M. A.; Boga, M.; Goncu, S.Two studies were performed to determine the effect of the selection of a diet from different feed ingredients offered on a free-choice basis and to determine the effect of the feeding method on the feeding behaviour and growth performance of calves in the pre-weaning period during different seasons. One-week-old Holstein Friesian calves were assigned to two experimental groups (choice feeding vs single feed). The diet was composed of, %: barley 42.56, maize 12, soyabean meal- SBM, 5.92, maize gluten meal 9.6, wheat bran 6.96, and 20 lucerne hay (ground, 1.5-2 cm). The feed ingredients used in the single feed were offered on a free-choice basis to the choice-fed calves. All calves were fed ad libitum, and water was freely available. The daily eating patterns were recorded with a real-time data-collection system, including six electronic scale feeders. The studies were conducted for 10 weeks, including an 8-week pre-weaning period and a 2-week post-weaning period. The results showed that the calves had a higher rectal temperature, respiration and pulse rate during the summer than during the winter (P<0.05). The meal number and total meal time were higher during the summer than during the winter. Feed intake, daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio did not change according to season, however. Choice feeding increased the number of meals and the rate of feed intake but decreased meal duration and the intermeal interval compared with single feed (P<0.05). The choice-fed calves selected totally different (P<0.01) diets than the single-fed calves (SBM: 5.9 vs 64.7%, barley: 42.6 vs 8.4%, lucerne hay: 20 vs 5.8%). The calves did not change their diet preferences after weaning, compared with the pre-weaning period. Choice feeding increased nutrient intake due to increases in feed intake and diet preferences (P<0.05) but did not affect daily gain or the feed-to-gain ratio (P>0.05). The choice-fed calves had a higher meal number and eating rate and a lower meal duration and intermeal interval (P<0.01) than the single-fed calves. In conclusion, the results showed that calves had meal criteria of approximately 5 to 8 min, 11-18 meals per day, a 66- to 82-g meal size, and a 6- to 11-min meal duration. The results also showed that pre-weaning calves selected a diet containing a higher crude protein content (31-35%) than the standard starter crude protein content (18%).Öğe The effects of different compounds in some essential oils on in vitro gas production(KIELANOWSKI INST ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION, 2011) Kilic, U.; Boga, M.; Gorgulu, M.; Sahan, Z.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of essential oils (EO) of oregano, ORE (Origanum vulgare); black seed, BSD (Nigella sativa); laurel, LAU (Laurus nobilis); cumin, CUM (Cumminum cyminum); garlic, GAR (Allium sativum); anise, ANI (Pimpinella anisum), and cinnamon, CIN (Cinnamomum verum) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) and IVGP kinetics of barley, wheat straw and soyabean meal. IVGP values were determined by using rumen liquor from three dry Holstein cows. The findings of this study indicate that the effects of EO, doses, and EO x dose interactions were significant. IVGP was decreased by ANI, GAR and ORE, and only CUM increased IVGP. These EO and their different doses or combinations in diets could be used to improve the performance of ruminants. Moreover, EO may act at different levels in energy and protein metabolic pathways, thus their careful selection and combination may be a useful tool to effectively manipulate rumen fermentation.
