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    Chlorophyll Response to Water Stress and the Potential of Using Crop Water Stress Index in Sugar Beet Farming
    (Springer India, 2023) Yetik, Ali Kaan; Candogan, Burak Nazmi
    Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2021 growing seasons to evaluate the chlorophyll readings and crop water stress index (CWSI) response to full and deficit irrigation for drip-irrigated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under sub-humid climate of Bursa, Turkey. In addition, the changes of soil water content under different irrigation treatments and statistical relationships between chlorophyll and CWSI values and ETc, root yield and sugar yield were investigated. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. Irrigations were scheduled based on the replenishment of 100 (S1), 66 (S2), 33 (S3), and 0% (S4) of soil water depletion within the soil profile of 0-90 cm using 7 day irrigation intervals. Lower and upper baselines obtained by measurements based on the canopy temperature from the treatments full irrigated and non-irrigated were used to calculate CWSI. The variations in CWSI values were consistent with the variations of seasonal soil water contents induced by the different irrigation practices. CWSI values generally varied between 0 and 1 throughout the experimental periods. In 2019, seasonal mean chlorophyll readings varied between 203.3 and 249.1, and mean CWSI values varied between 0.12 and 0.85. In 2021, seasonal mean chlorophyll readings varied between 232.7 and 259.3 and mean CWSI values between 0.19 and 0.89. Unlike chlorophyll values, CWSI decreased with increased irrigation water amount. In both years, statistically significant relationships were determined between chlorophyll readings and CWSI and ETc, root yield and sugar yield. The greatest root yield was achieved with a seasonal mean CWSI value of 0.12. An exponential equation determined as Root Yield = 10.804e(-1,55CWSI) between seasonal average CWSI values and root yield can be used for estimation of root yield in sugar beet farming. The mean CWSI values determined by infrared thermometer technique can be used in determination of crop water stress and irrigation scheduling of sugar beet cultivation under sub-humid climatic conditions.
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    Determination of Diurnal Leaf Gas Exchange for Drip-Irrigated Kenaf Plant in Sub-Humid Climatic Conditions
    (Hard, 2022) Candogan, Burak Nazmi; Yetik, Ali Kaan; Sincik, Mehmet; Demir, Ali Osman; Büyükcangaz, Hakan
    Kenaf stands out as an important fiber source in the industry with its 4000-year history. Physiological properties have a great effect on the development process of kenaf. Physiological properties are significantly affected by seasonal air temperature changes and precipitation, as well as fluctuations during the day. The main reason for these fluctuations is seen as instant changes in environmental factors. In this study, it was aimed to determine the hourly changes of leaf gas exchange parameters of drip-irrigated kenaf plant and to examine the relationships between these parameters. Field experiment was conducted in Bursa, Turkey, which has sub-humid climatic conditions. For this purpose, net photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductivity (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate ( E) measurements were carried out on 18th September 2019 and 26th September 2020, between 08:00 h and 18:00 h. As a result of the study, while it was determined that A, gs, Ci and E parameters varied between 14.75-23.67 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1), 0.23- 0.74 mol H (2) O m(-2) s(-1), 243-331 mu mol CO2 mol air(-1) and 2.67-7.37 mmol H (2) O m(-2) s(-1), respectively in 2019, they varied between 13.97-22.30 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1), 0.29-0.58 mol H2O m(-2) s(-1), 217-278 mu mol CO2 mol air(-1) and 6.3-14.7 mmol H2O m(-2) s(-1), respectively in 2020. Different measurement times had significant effects on all parameters at the p<0.01 level for both years. As a result of the evaluation of the relationships between gas exchange parameters, it was determined that the gs-A and E-A relationships were statistically significant at the p<0.01 level for both years. On the other hand, in 2019 and 2020, Ci-A relationships were significant at p<0.05 and p< 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Information on the responses of leaf gas exchange parameters to weather changes occurring during the day in kenaf plant in sub-humid climate conditions
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    Optimisation of irrigation strategy in sugar beet farming based on yield, quality and water productivity
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2022) Yetik, Ali Kaan; Candogan, Burak Nazmi
    Present experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on yield, yield components and quality of drip-irrigated sugar beet under sub-humid conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons in the Bursa province of Turkey. Experiments were carried out in completely randomised blocks design with three replications. Irrigations were scheduled based on the replenishment of 100 (S1), 66 (S2), 33 (S3), and 0% (S4) of soil water depletion within the soil profile of 90 cm using 7-day irrigation intervals. In 2019, root yields varied between 29.32 (S4)-86.31 (S1) t/ha and sugar yields between 6.33-13.57 t/ha. In 2021, root yields varied between 26.18 (S4)- 74.56 (S1) t/ ha and sugar yields between 6.56-12.53 t/ha. Effects of different irrigation levels on investigated parameters were found to be significant (P < 0.01). The crop water consumption values were significantly related to root and sugar yields (P < 0.01). Based on present findings, S1 treatment was recommended to get the highest root and sugar yields. In case of limited water resources, S2 (33% water shortage) treatment with the highest water productivity and irrigation water productivity values could be recommended to ensure maximum efficiency from the applied irrigation water quantity.