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    Demography and Mass-Rearing Harmonia dimidiata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Eggs of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    (Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2018) Yu, Jih-Zu; Chen, Bing Huei; Guncan, Ali; Atlihan, Remzi; Gokce, Ayhan; Smith, Cecil L.; Gumus, Ebru
    We compared rearing Harmonia dimidiata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on four combinations of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and eggs of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The four combinations were: both larvae and adults were reared on aphids; larvae were reared on aphids and adults were reared on fresh fruit fly eggs; larvae were reared on lyophilized fruit fly eggs and adults were reared on aphids; and larvae were reared on lyophilized eggs and adults were reared on fresh eggs. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1125 d(-1)) and net reproductive rate (R-0 = 260.7 offspring) were observed when both larval and adult stages of H. dimidiata were reared on A. gossypii. When B. dorsalis eggs were used as rearing media for larvae, adults, or both, the values of r and R-0 were significantly decreased. The lowest values (r = 0.0615 d-1 and R-0 = 38.6 offspring) were observed when both larvae and adults were reared entirely on B. dorsalis eggs. Despite the lower r and R-0 values, our results showed that B. dorsalis eggs could be considered as an adequate, less expensive alternative diet for rearing H. dimidiata because of the time and labor savings resulting from the ease of preparation and the ability to store the eggs for timely usage. The mass-rearing analysis showed that the most economical rearing system was to rear larvae on A. gossypii and adults on B. dorsalis eggs.