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    Alteration of glassy volcanic rocks to Na-and Ca-smectites in the Neogene basin of Manisa, western Anatolia, Turkey
    (MINERALOGICAL SOC, 2013) Ciflikli, M.; Ciftci, E.; Bayhan, H.
    Alkali- and Ca-rich smectites occur in association with Neogene lacustrine sedimentary rocks and high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with compositions ranging from andesite to rhyolite in western Anatolia (Turkey). Major clay occurrences are associated predominantly with the Foca and Akcakoy ignimbrites and with the ignimbrites within the Rahmanlar pyroclastics. Experimental studies indicate that the main clay minerals present are Na- and Ca-smectite and subordinate illite, associated with silica polymorphs, trace clinoptilolite and chlorite. The authigenic minerals formed by weathering and metasomatic reactions between hot volcanic material and lake water. Smectite was produced as a result of argillic alteration of the volcanic glass and feldspars of the ignimbrites, Rahmanlar pyroclastics and reworked volcaniclastic sediments through chemical weathering and dissolution-precipitation processes and formed as authigenic phases both in terrestrial and nearby shallow lacustrine environments under prevalent humid or semi-humid climate during the Neogene.
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    Iodine concentrations of soils near Trabzon, Turkey: a region of endemic goiter
    (SPRINGER, 2007) Ciftci, E.; Sevketbeyoglu, E. (Tashan); Tokel, S.
    Iodine contents of soils developed over the major rock formations of the northern zone of the Eastern Pontide Tectonic Belt (Northeastern Turkey) have been investigated with respect to soil-parent rock relationship, effect of topography, elevation, and climate to construe its effect on the health of the local population. Samples were collected from the A and B horizons of the soils developed over the major stratigraphic units constituting the eastern Pontides, including the Lower Basic Complex of Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous age, the Berdiga limestone (Jurassic-lower Cretaceous), the Dagbasi granitoid (Upper Cretaceous), volcano-sedimentary sequence of Upper Cretaceous age, ore-bearing and barren dacites of Upper Cretaceous age, and Neogene alkaline basalts. Chemical analyses of soil samples indicate significantly lower iodine abundances for all the soils studied (5-28 ppm) in comparison to the average abundance of iodine in analogous soils of other parts of the world (22-93 ppm). The concentration of iodine in soils developed over the same geologic formation decrease with increasing elevation. In certain cases, this decrease may reach up to 70%. Goiter is highly common throughout this region in Turkey. The results of this study suggest that the iodine deficiency of region's soils may be a principal underlying cause for this area of Turkey being an endemic goiter region.
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    Mercurian sphalerite from Akoluk deposit (Ordu, NE Turkey): Hg as a cathodoluminescence activator
    (MINERALOGICAL SOC, 2009) Ciftci, E.
    A recent investigation of sphalerite from Akoluk deposit, Ordu, NE Turkey, revealed the possible presence of a new activator element in the sphalerite Structure. The sample was Studied Under a reflected light microscope coupled with a cold-stage cathodoluminescence (CL) system which revealed a unique banding in the sphalerite. The same sample was subsequently examined using the backscattered electron and luminescence modes in all electron microscope, the results of Which were later confirmed in terms of chemical composition by electron probe microanalyses (EPMA). Detailed evaluation of the EPMA data indicated the presence of a new CL activator element in the sphalerite Structure. The data also indicate that Hg(2+) in the sphalerite crystal Structure Substitutes for Zn in a simple manner and for Cd and Cu in a coupled manner. Spectral analysis indicated a bright yellow and orange-red blend (more like brown) CL colour with lambda(max) centred at 580 nm, probably due to Cd and Mn ions, and relatively broad emission hands ranging from 525 to 690 nm with lambda(max) centred at 580 and 700, due probably to Cu, Cd and Fig. This study reports that Fig in file sphalerite crystal lattice behaves as all activator and/or co-activator element resulting in emissions of CL colours that range from yellow with purple shades to shades of brown. based oil their varying contents.