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Öğe A Research on Structural Characteristics and Problems of Sheep Breeding in Nigde(KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIV, 2015) Ceyhan, Ayhan; Sekeroglu, Ahmet; Unalan, Adnan; Cinar, Mahmut; Serbester, Ugur; Akyol, Ethem; Yilmaz, ErdoganThis study was carried out to reveal the present status of sheep farms in Nigde, to detect basic priority problems and to offer some solutions to these problems. In this study, total of 96 sheep farming enterprises were chosen by stratified sampling method to represent the entire province as an example. A survey was conducted to obtain information regarding mating, lambing, milking, shearing, marketing milk and meat, grazing animals status, tools and equipment of sheep enterprises and health protection and feed utilization status. The results of analyzes showed that a large portion (68.8%) of sheep breeders were primary school graduates, while 99% of sheep farms raised only Akkaraman breed 1.0% of them raised only Merino breed, average duration of sheep breeding was 25.7 years, family labor was commonly (63.5%) used as shepherd, the average number of sheep per farm was 314.5 head and the enterprises had also 7.9 head cows, 38.1 head goats, 1.9 horses and 5.2 heads cat and dog. Besides, it was informed that 86.4% of breeders had learned sheep breeding from their ancestors, sheep farming was only source of income for 82.3% of them and was enjoyable job for 10.4% of them. It was also determined that sheep breeding was maintained in highland (40.6%), in highland and settled down (19.8%), in settled down (38.6%), and in nomadic (1.0%) system in Nigde. The 97.9% of sheep enterprises is a member of Nigde Sheep and Goat Breeders Association. Breeders expressed that high feed prices, insufficient pastures area and poor pastures quality were priority problems. They reported that needs to be done to increase in marketing price, improvement of pasture and sheep flock genetic, also increasing the forage crops cultivation area for profitable sheep breeding.Öğe Determination of the Effect of Somatic Cell Count on Udder Measurements and Subclinical Mastitis with Data Mining Method(UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2015) Kucukonder, Hande; Uckardes, Fatih; Ceyhan, Ayhan; Cinar, MahmutIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on udder measurements and subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows by data mining method. In the study, the udder measurements and the SCC values of milk samples taken monthly from 79 Holstein cows were used. The Bayesian Net, Decision Table and Nearest Neighbors algorithms were used in the classification of the udder measurements, and model validation is determined by the simple validation method. In the study, it has been found that the best classification model was formed according to the Nearest Neighbors algorithm with the accuracy rate of 97.95% [ Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 0.07, Mean Absolute Error (MAE):0.01, Root Relative Squared Error-RRSE (%):22.20, Relative Absolute Error -RAE (%): 5.78, Kappa statistic: 0.95]. The effect of udder measurements on subclinical mastitis was found significant for the front teat length (FTL), the distance between rear teats (DBRT), the distance between side teats (DBST), the rear teat height (RTH) (P<0.01) and the rear teat diameter (RTD) (P<0.05). (C) 2015 PVJ. All rights reservedÖğe Effect of Presence of Corpus Luteum at the Beginning of Ovsynch Protocol on Pregnancy Rates in Lactating Dairy Cows(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Cinar, Mahmut; Guzeloglu, Aydin; Erdem, HuseyinThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of presence of CL at the beginning of Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows. A total of 218 lactating Holstein cows that were at least 45 days postpartum with no reproductive disorders were used in the present study. Cows were divided into two experimental groups according to the presence and absence of corpus luteum (CL) on the first day of transrectal ultrasonography (day 0). Cows having CL (CL (+)) were randomly allocated to two subgroups as CL (+)/A and CL (+)/B. Cows in CL (+)/A group (n = 74) were treated with Ovsynch protocol, while cows in CL (+)/B group (n = 78) were treated with PGF(2 alpha) on the first day of examination and seven days later Ovsynch protocol was started. Cows having no CL (CL (-)) (n = 66) were left untreated on the first day of examination and Ovsynch protocol was started seven days later. Pregnancy rates were found 23%, 25.6% and 40.9% in CL (+)/A, CL (+)/B and CL (-) groups, respectively. The pregnancy rate in CL (-) group was significantly higher than those of CL (+)/A, and CL (+)/B groups (P<0.05). It is suggested that the success of Ovsynch synchronization protocol may be related to starting time of the protocol and to ovarian physiology in cyclic dairy cows.Öğe Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows(PAGEPRESS PUBL, 2015) Cinar, Mahmut; Serbester, Ugur; Ceyhan, Ayhan; Gorgulu, MuratThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and milk composition in first and second lactation Holstein dairy cows. Thirty cows in first lactation and 49 cows in second lactation were used in the study. Animals were 15 +/- 9.87 days in milk. Individual milk samples were collected monthly from June 2009 to March 2010, and somatic cell counts, milk protein, milk fat, lactose and milk urea-N were determined. Four SCC groups were formed for determining effect of SCC on milk yield and composition. These groups were as follows: <= 200, 201-500, 501-999, and >= 1.000x10(3) cell/mL. It was observed that SCC had a high significant effect on milk yield, milk protein, milk lactose (P<0.01), total solids and milk urea-N (P<0.05), however, the effect of SCC on milk fat was not significant (P>0.05). This study indicates that high SCC negatively affects not only milk yield but also milk composition and quality.Öğe Kid growth performance and reproductive characteristics of Hair goats raised under breeder conditions(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Ceyhan, Ayhan; Cinar, Mahmut; Serbester, UgurIn the study, fertility parameters of Hair goats and the growth performance of kids raised under farmer conditions were investigated. The data of birth weight of 28,768 kids, the body weight of 27,541 kids aged d 90, and reproductive parameters of 26,693 does were used between 2013 and 2017 years. The birth weights of Hair goat kids born in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 years were 2.36, 2.46, 2.56, 2.61, and 2.61 kg, whereas body weights detected on the d 90 were 15.2, 12.7, 12.8, 13.1, and 14.5 kg, respectively. Year, sex, birth type, and age of does affect significantly the birth and body weight of the kids on d 90 (p < 0.01). The survival rate detected on d 90 of kids was 100%, 98.7%, 94.5%, 93.9%, and 91.8% in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 years, respectively. The effect of year on the viability of kids was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Twinning rates of does were 3.5%, 5.7%, 9.5%, 12.4%, and 6.5%; kid yields per birth was 1.00, 1.00, 1.09, 1.12, and 1.00 in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 years, respectively. The average birth rate was 91.9%, whereas the infertility rate was 8.1%. It was concluded that year, sex, and birth type influenced the kid growth performance of Hair goats due to variations in environmental factors such as management and feeding system. Therefore, if the management practices, nutrition, and health issues are improved, the growth performance of Hair goat kids and some reproductive parameters of Hair goats may be better.Öğe Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cattle and Its Metabolic Indicators(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Serbester, Ugur; Cinar, Mahmut; Hayirli, ArmaganEnergy balance, simply, is the difference between energy consumed and sum of energy used for maintenance and production. The negative difference indicates body reserves being mobilized, whereas the positive difference indicates body reserves being replenished or increased. Negative energy balance (NEB) is accepted as natural event in dairy cattle because, dry matter intake decrase during the close-up period and increases more slowly than milk yield after parturition. Other than phenotypical changes (body weight and condition score change), metabolic indicators in blood and milk (nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, milk fatty acid composition, and milk fat:protein ratio, etc.) also change, which can be used for estimating severity and duration of NEB. This review emphasizes causes of NEB, metabolic indicators that may be used to estimate NEB, and important points in their interpretations.Öğe The Effect of Different Synchronization Protocols Applied to Akkaraman Sheep During the Transition Period on Fertility(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Cinar, Mahmut; Ceyhan, AyhanThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different synchronization protocols applied to Akkaraman ewes during the transition period on reproductive performance and total live weights of lambs. The study was conducted on 82 Akkaraman ewes ranging in age from 2 to 5. Sheep were randomly divided into five groups: Control (C, n=14), Melatonin Implant (MI, n=15), Ovsynch (OH, n=13), Melatonin Implant/FGA Sponge (MI/FGA, n=18), and FGA Sponge (FGA, n=22). In K, MI, OH, MI+FGA and FGA groups, lambing rate was 64.29%, 60%, 61.54%, 55.56% and 50%, single lambing rate was 77.78%, 33.33%, 62. 50%, 33.33%, and 27.27%, twin lambing rate 22.22%, 55.56%, 37.50%, 50%, and 63.64% and triplet lambing rate 0.00%, 11.11%, 0.00%, 10.00% and 9.09% respectively. While the difference between the groups was not significant (P>0.05), The fertility rate per ewe was significant (P<0.05) at 1.22, 1.78, 1.37, 1.50, and 1.82 for the K, MI, OH, MI + FGA and FGA groups, respectively. Consequently, in this study, the highest values for lamb production, twin lambing rate, and total lamb weight were obtained in the FGA and MI groups. It is thought that PMSG applied to the FGA group and melatonin hormones applied to the MI group are effective in the formation of these values.
