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    An Investigation of Clock Gene Variations in Turkish Nannospalax Species
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Civelek, I.; Kankilic, T.; Akin, D. F.
    Blind mole rats (Nannospalax) have become famous for their long lifespans and cancer resistance, but it is still unknown what causes them to be resistant to cancer. These animals may have a different melatonin synthesis mechanism from other creatures due to their lifestyle, which is estimated to be connected to their cancer resistance. In this study, gene variants in Clock genes Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1, Per1 and Per2, which are involved in the synthesis of melatonin in Nannospalax species living in Turkey were investigated and compared with the other organisms including Nannospalax galili, Mus musculus, Heterocephalus glaber, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens. In addition, it was investigated whether the detected variations have a pathogenic effect in humans. For this purpose, in vitro methods and some bioinformatics tools were employed in this DNA-based research. 29 variants in total; 11 in Per1, 7 in Per2, 2 in Cry1 and 9 in Cry2 gene, were identified, no variation was found in Bmal1 gene. Some of these variations have been found in regions where DNA repair processes for light-induced UV damage occurred. Other variations were detected in PAS domain and 5'-UTR regions, and the remaining variations were in nondomain regions of proteins. Since Clock gene variations has not been investigated in Nannospalax species, these in vitro and in silico methods may give suggestions to choose and focus on detected variations to be used for further studies.
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    Phylogenetic Analysis of Anatolian Blind Mole Rats (Nannospalax) with Allopatric 2n=54 Cytotypes
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Kankilic, T.; Civelek, I.; Kose, B.
    Blind mole rats (Nannospalax) in Turkey, adapted to low-oxygen subterranean habitats, demonstrate considerable diploid chromosome number diversity, including species like Nannospalax xanthodon, Nannospalax leucodon, and Nannospalax ehrenbergi. However, uncertainties persist regarding the taxonomic status and nomenclature of populations with varying diploid chromosome numbers. Resolving these uncertainties is essential for effective biodiversity management and strategic conservation planning within the ecosystem. This study focuses on elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the blind mole rat genus Nannospalax, particularly among individuals exhibiting the 2n = 54 cytotype across diverse Turkish geographical regions. Utilizing nuclear (IRBP gene region) and mitochondrial DNA (D-loop control region and 16S rRNA gene regions), the study addresses key questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships between allopatric cytotypes sharing the same diploid chromosome number. The analyses, employing Maximum Likelihood, Neighbor Joining, and Network phylogenetic methods, reveal a preliminary differentiation level suggesting the potential existence of at least three cryptic species within the 2n = 54 cytotypes in Anatolia. It is emphasized that these conclusions are preliminary due to the limited sample size, necessitating further investigation. Additionally, the research validates the morphologically based species Nannospalax tuncelicus among Turkish blind mole rats. Genetic distance values from sequence analyses indicate significant divergence, establishing Nannospalax tuncelicus as a distinct species from other recognized species in Turkey. The study underscores the importance of resolving uncertainties in taxonomic status for effective biodiversity management and conservation planning. Future studies should expand sample sizes and comprehensively address the phylogenetic background of cytotypes, especially the & Idot;mamo & gbreve;lu-Adana (2n = 54) population within the Nannospalax ehrenbergi species, to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics within this genus.