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Öğe Allozyme variation in bank vole, Myodes glareolus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Northern Anatolia(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013) Colak, Reyhan; Kandemir, Irfan; Karacan, Gul Olgun; Kankilic, Teoman; Colak, Ercument; Yigit, Nuri; Ozkurt, Sakir OnderA total of 94 specimens from 16 populations of Myodes glareolus, collected between 2004 and 2007, from different altitudinal distributions were analyzed, using 16 enzyme systems. We found that 10 out of 22 loci (Idh-2, alpha-Gpdh, Me, Pgm, Pgd, Mdh-s, Ada, Est-1, Ldh-1, and Ldh-2) were polymorphic. Group 1 included population from altitudes ranging from 27 to 605 m above sea level (ASL), and Group 2 were from altitudes ranging from 1003 to 1288 m ASL. The summaries of the genetic parameters also displayed differences between the 2 groups. The possible reasons of such fragmentation between M. glareolus populations were discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe An assessment on biometric differentiation depend on distribution of the Anatolian Jird Meriones tristrami (Mammalia: Rodentia) Subpopulations in Turkey(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2021) Yigit, Nuri; Colak, Ercument; Saygili Yigit, Fulya; Colak, Reyhan; Cetinturk, DeryaThe Anatolian Jird Meriones tristrami is a widespread rodent species in Anatolian steps. In the study, to determine the relationships between the subpopulations of species and to clarify their distributions, 233 adults samples representing Turkey under the 12 groups, according to their recorded geographical localities, were compared biometrically. For this purpose, measurements of the four external morphological and twenty-seven cranial characters of the groups were analyzed statistically. Despite the high similarity of their biometric characters due to their belonging to the same species, subpopulations were separated from each other with small differences. In the cluster tree (UPGMA), Manisa and Kastamonu subpopulations were noticeably similar with Karaman and Ankara subpopulations. Kilis and Sanliurfa subpopulations were linked to the Western and Central Anatolian groups, and these two subpopulations were observed to be close to the groups that include Malatya and Kayseri samples. Igdir subpopulation was among the Central and Western Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia groups. The existence of these biometric relationships in the groups supports the hypothesis that the spread of this species to the west of Anatolia should have been by following a route from the north rather than the south of Central Anatolia. In addition, it is predicted that biometric differentiation between subspecies is formed by the effect of geographical features of Anatolia.Öğe Contributions to the Karyology and Distribution Areas of Cytotypes of Nannospalax leucodon (Rodentia: Spalacidae) in Western Anatolia(INST ZOOLOGY, BAS, 2010) Kankilic, Teoman; Kankilic, Tolga; Seker, Perincek Seckin; Colak, Reyhan; Selvi, Engin; Colak, ErcuementMole rats of the genus Nannospalax having high karyotypic variability (chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 36 to 2n = 62) are dominant mammals occupying the subterranean niche in Anatolia. Respective distributional ranges of karyotypic forms within this taxon remain uncertain due to insufficient data. In the present study, karyological analyses of 36 specimens belonging to N. nehringi were examined from 10 sampling sites of Western Turkey. During the study, five karyotypic forms were recorded (2n = 36 NF = 68 from Aydin, 2n = 40 NF = 72 from Isparta, 2n = 56 NF = 72 from Usak, 2n = 60 NF = 78 from Isparta and 2n = 60 NF = 84 from Denizli and Burdur). When distribution areas of karyotipic forms are considered, these karyotypes are new records for this taxon in Turkey. In addition, this study aims to determine the most likely distribution areas of the four chromosome forms (2n = 36, 40, 56, 60) in Turkey paying attention on previously verified localities data.Öğe Genetic differentiation of the Meriones tristrami (Mammalia: Rodentia) subpopulations in Turkey - inferring allozyme variations(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2016) Yigit, Nuri; Saygili Yigit, Fulya; Colak, Ercument; Colak, Reyhan; Cetinturk, DeryaAllozyme variations of Tristram's jird Meriones tristrami, which is distributed in the steppe and semiarid areas of Turkey, were studied using 24 loci of 83 specimens from ten locations in Turkey. Seven loci were found to be polymorphic. According to the patterns of allozyme variation, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 12.5. F-ST was found to be 0.44, indicating high genetic variations among M. tristrami; accordingly the Nm value (0.3157) appeared quite low. The UPGMA dendrogram, based on genetic distance, showed that the populations established two very close subclusters, and supported the idea that the westernmost population connected to the northern part of the central Anatolian population. As expected, the eastern population appeared to be more divergent due to geographic distance. Our findings supported that genetic isolation among these subpopulations might be caused by geographic isolation.Öğe Genetic variations of Turkish bank vole, Myodes glareolus (Mammalia: Rodentia) inferred from mtDNA(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Colak, Reyhan; Karacan, Gul Olgun; Kandemir, Irfan; Colak, Ercument; Kankilic, Teoman; Yigit, Nuri; Michaux, JohanThe bank vole, Myodes glareolus, lives in deciduous forests throughout the Palearctic region. In Turkey, this species is distributed only in northern Anatolia (the Black Sea region) where these forests exist. This study reveals genetic differentiation among bank vole populations based on two regions of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b and D-loop). Populations in northern Anatolia are divided into two genetic lineages (the "eastern" and "western Black Sea" lineages) by the Kizilirmak Valley. While the western Black Sea lineage is close to the Balkan lineage, in accordance with their geographical proximities, surprisingly, the Uludag lineage, also situated in Western Turkey appears related to the eastern Black Sea population. The divergence time analyses suggest a separation between the Balkan and Turkish groups around 0.26 Mya, whereas the split between the eastern and western Black sea lineages appeared a little bit later (0.20 Mya). Our results suggest that regional refuges existed for this species in Turkey and that small-scale habitat fragmentations led to genetic differentiations between Myodes populations.Öğe Morphometric and genetic structure of the edible dormouse (Glis glis): a consequence of forest fragmentation in Turkey(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Helvaci, Zeycan; Renaud, Sabrina; Ledevin, Ronan; Adriaens, Dominique; Michaux, Johan; Colak, Reyhan; Colak, ErcumentPast climatic fluctuations influenced forest habitats and impacted heavily the distribution of forest species, such as the edible dormouse, by changing the distribution and composition of forests themselves. Such effects may be valid for ongoing climate change as well. To improve our understanding of the edible dormouse's history and how it responded to changes in its environment, we investigated its variation across the understudied zone of Northern Turkey using two complementary markers of differentiation: the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for genetics, and size and shape of the first upper molar for phenotypic differences. Genetic and morphometric results were strongly discrepant. Genetic analyses evidenced an amazing homogeneity throughout the Eurasian range of the edible dormouse, whereas morphometrics pointed to a complex, step-wise differentiation along the Black Sea coast, the main signal being an opposition between Easternmost and Westernmost Turkish dormice. The genetic homogeneity suggests that this phenotypic differentiation is not the inheritance of glacial refuges, but the consequence of a more recent post-glacial isolation. The transition between the European and Asian groups is located eastwards from the Marmara straits, undermining its claimed role as an efficient barrier but stressing the importance of climatic and vegetational factors. A secondary differentiation between populations from the Central Black Sea coast and Easternmost regions was evidenced, attributed to a complex interplay of climatic, topographic, anthropogenic, and ecological factors. Turkey, at the crossroad of European and Asian species, heavily impacted by the current global change including climatic and anthropogenic factors, appears of importance for understanding the historical dynamics of differentiation and exchanges between populations that shaped the current distribution of Eurasian species and their future survival. (C) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, , .Öğe Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Relationships of Populations of Meriones tristrami Thomas, 1892 (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in Turkey as Inferred from Cytochrome-b and RFLP Analysis(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2020) Yigit, Nuri; Colak, Ercument; Markov, Georgi; Yigit, Fulya Saygili; Colak, Reyhan; Cetinturk, Derya; Seker, Perincek Seckin OzanThe present study aimed to reveal the relationship between the genetic diversity of Tristram's jird Meriones tristrami subpopulations by using cyt-b sequences, the amplified fragments of cyt-b produced by restriction endonuclease (RFLP; Msp I, Rsa I, Noc I and Hae III were used) and the distribution on the Anatolian Peninsula. Eighteen haplotypes were identified in the subpopulations of this species, with the highest nucleotide diversity in the Central Anatolia. The haplotype diversity was determined to be 0.970 among subpopulations. The fixation index (Fst) and the gene flow parameter (Nm) based on cyt-b sequences showed the effective gene flow between the western and south-eastern subpopulations. Both cyt-b sequences and RFLP analyses produced almost similar topology in the Bayesian and UPGMA trees, indicating a gene flow from subpopulations of the South-east to Central Anatolia and the Western Black Sea coast. The main factor for the genetic diversity is considered to be the intermittent distribution from west to east as a result of the great altitude of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the sea and lake system fragmenting the territory of Anatolia in the Pliocene - Pleistocene Age.Öğe Vkorc1 gene polymorphisms confer resistance to anticoagulant rodenticide in Turkish rats(Peerj Inc, 2023) Yigit, Nuri; Duman, Mustafa T.; Cetinturk, Derya; Saygili-Yigit, Fulya; Colak, Ercument; Colak, ReyhanMutations in Exon 1, 2 and 3 of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene are known to lead to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance. In order to investigate their putative resistance in rodenticides, we studied the genetic profile of the Vkorc1 gene in Turkish black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). In this context, previously recorded Ala21Thr mutation (R. rattus) in Exon 1 region, Ile90Leu mutation (R. rattus, R. norvegicus) in Exon 2 region and Leu120Gln mutation (R. norvegicus) in Exon 3 region were identified as missense mutationscausing amino acid changes. Ala21Thr mutation was first detected in one specimen of Turkish black rat despite the uncertainty of its relevance to resistance. Ile90Leu mutation accepted as neutral variant was detected in most of black rat specimens. Leu120Gln mutation related to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was found in only one brown rat specimen. Furthermore, Ser74Asn, Gln77Pro (black rat) and Ser79Pro (brown rat) mutations that cause amino acid changes in the Exon 2 region but unclear whether they cause resistance were identified. In addition, silent mutationswhich do not cause amino acid changes were also defined; these mutations were Arg12Arg mutation in Exon 1 region, His68His, Ser81Ser, Ile82Ile and Leu94Leu mutations in Exon 2 region and Ile107Ile, Thr137Thr, Ala143Ala and Gln152Gln mutations in Exon 3 region. These silent mutations were found in both species except for Ser81Ser which was determined in only brown rats.
