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    Ophthalmologic emergencies in pediatric patients aged 0–2 years
    (2024) Cumaoğlu, Mustafa Oğuz; Dolanbay, Turgut; Vural, Abdussamed; Bicer, Gamze Yıldırım; Özçelik, Mustafa; Altay, Mustafa Cihan
    Ophthalmologic emergencies (OE) in the pediatric age group are classified as traumatic or nontraumatic, potentially causing partial or total visual loss. These emergencies, which are significant contributors to acquired visual impairment or loss, hold a prominent position in emergency department visits globally. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the demographic, etiological, and clinical characteristics of patients aged 0–2 years who were brought to the Emergency Department (ED) with ophthalmologic emergencies and requested ophthalmologic consultation. Age (month), sex, complaint etiology, affected eye (right or left), diagnosis, examination findings, treatment, and clinical progression were analyzed. Of the patients, 26 who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The median age was 20 (14.75–24) months; 5 (19.2%) children were aged less than 1 year and 21 (80.8%) were aged more than 1 year. Three of the patients (11.5%) were refugees. When the cases were grouped as infective and noninfective eye emergencies, the diagnosis of conjunctivitis was statistically significant between refugee and nonrefugee children (p=0.032). Traumatic injuries were more common in children aged 13–24 months, which was statistically significant (p=0.029). Only a small proportion of children brought to emergency departments with ocular complaints actually have a genuine emergency necessitating consultation. Early pediatric patients, in particular, should undergo a more meticulous systemic examination. It is crucial to explore the presence of severe emergencies that could lead to vision loss, one of our most vital senses, in every patient.
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    The effect of letrozole on liver function and some biochemical parameters in rats
    (2024) Dolanbay, Turgut; Makav, Mustafa; Vural, Abdussamed; Cumaoğlu, Mustafa Oğuz; Yuceer, Ömer; Başer, Lale; Metin, Hatice Tetik
    Letrozole (LTZ), is an aromatase inhibitor, that has been widely used in a variety of diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and breast cancer. LTZ is received via the oral route and metabolized in the liver. Therefore, LTZ may have toxic effects like other drugs metabolized in the liver. Based on this, our study aimed to investigate the effect of LTZ on liver function and biochemical parameters. For this purpose, 16 Wistar albino female rats were divided into two groups (n=8): Control and LTZ respectively. The rats in the letrozole group were administered with 2 mL/kg LTZ by oral gavage once a day for 21 days. The Control group received the vehicle once a day for 21 days. Blood samples were collected on the 22nd day of the experiment. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin and total bilirubin were measured. Biochemical analysis indicated that ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the LTZ administrated group compared to the Control. ALB levels decreased in the LTZ group. In conclusion, it was determined that LTZ has toxic and detrimental effects on the liver. We suggested that long-term LTZ administrated patients should be under control against liver damage and may have liver supporting adjuvant therapies for robust liver functions.