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    Morphometric and genetic variability among mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons) populations in turkey
    (Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018) İmren M.; Yildiz Ş.; Toktay H.; Duman N.; Dababat A.A.
    The Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasitic nematode that negatively impacts cereal production worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Successful control of cereal cyst nematodes requires knowledge of the nematode species/pathotypes and their biology. However, little information is currently available concerning the phenotypic and genotypic variability of H. latipons populations in Turkey. This study analyzed the morphological/morphometric and genetic characteristics of Turkish H. latipons populations to define intraspecific distinctions between them. Morphological and morphometric studies focused on the pattern of the perineal region of cysts and second stage juveniles (J2), while the molecular analyses used sequenced ITS-rDNA regions targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The data from these investigations demonstrate that nematode populations from Adana and Hatay provinces differ from the populations collected in Kilis, Gaziantep, and Mardin provinces. These phenotypic and genotypic differences between H. latipons populations may indicate that they are heterogenic, with at least two pathotypes. To date, this study is the most comprehensive analysis identifying H. latipons populations in major wheat-producing areas of Turkey. © 2018, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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    Resistance to cereal cyst nematodes in wheat and barley: An emphasis on classical and modern approaches
    (MDPI AG, 2019) Ali M.A.; Shahzadi M.; Zahoor A.; Dababat A.A.; Toktay H.; Bakhsh A.; Li H.
    Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are among the most important nematode pests that limit production of small grain cereals like wheat and barley. These nematodes alone are estimated to reduce production of crops by 10% globally. This necessitates a huge enhancement of nematode resistance in cereal crops against CCNs. Nematode resistance in wheat and barley in combination with higher grain yields has been a preferential research area for cereal nematologists. This usually involved the targeted genetic exploitations through natural means of classical selection breeding of resistant genotypes and finding quantitative trait luci (QTLs) associated with resistance genes. These improvements were based on available genetic diversity among the crop plants. Recently, genome-wide association studies have widely been exploited to associate nematode resistance or susceptibility with particular regions of the genome. Use of biotechnological tools through the application of various transgenic strategies for enhancement of nematode resistance in various crop plants including wheat and barley had also been an important area of research. These modern approaches primarily include the use of gene silencing, exploitation of nematode effector genes, proteinase inhibitors, chemodisruptive peptides and a combination of one or more of these approaches. Furthermore, the perspective genome editing technologies including CRISPR-Cas9 could also be helpful for improving CCN resistance in wheat and barley. The information provided in this review will be helpful to enhance resistance against CCNs and will attract the attention of the scientific community towards this neglected area. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.