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    Effect of N-acetylcysteine on cisplatin induced apoptosis in rat kidney
    (Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Gunturk, Inayet; Seydel, G. Seyda; Dagli, Fatma; Yay, Arzu; Yazici, Cevat; Kose, Kader
    Purpose: Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of solid organ cancers. However, due to various side-effects such as nephrotoxicity, its therapeutic applications are limited. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat kidneys. Materials and Methods: Twentyfour male Wistar rats were separated into 4 equal groups: Control, NAC-250, cisplatin (CP), and CP+NAC groups. Rats in the experimental groups were treated with intraperitoneally (i.p.) single-dose cisplatin (10 mg/kg) and NAC (i.p., 250 mg/kg) for 3 days. Results: At the end of the experiment, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and the apoptotic changes were demonstrated by TdT-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3 levels in rat kidneys. The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 levels were significantly increased by cisplatin. Treating the rats with NAC significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 levels. Conclusion: These data suggest that apoptotic cell death is involved in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and that the inhibition of apoptosis plays a central role in the beneficial effects of NAC.
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    Evaluation of physical and vital signs and the effect of carnosine in experimental hyperthyroidism
    (Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Dagli, Fatma; Gunturk, Inayet; Seydel, Gonul Seyda; Yazici, Cevat
    Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of experimental hyperthyroidism and carnosine which is known to have antioxidant properties on physical and vital findings in rats, and to determine the relationship between these parameters and free T3 (FT3) levels. Materials and Methods: Rats were analyzed in 7 groups (each containing 12 animals); control (CONT), hyperthyroidism-1 (T:10-day L-thyroxine (L-T4) administration), hyperthyroidism-2 (T-T: 20-day L-T4 administration), Carnosine (10 day carnosine administration), Hyperthyroidism-1 + Carnosine (T-C), Hyperthyroidism-2 + Carnosine (T-TC), and Carnosine + Hyperthyroidism-1 (C-T). In order to create a hyperthyroidism model, L-thyroxine (L-T4) doses of 300 mu g/kg rat weight/day and carnosine doses of 300 mu g/kg rat weight/ day were intraperitoneally (ip) administered to the rats. Results: After 10 and 20 days of thyroxine administration, FT3 levels (T:3.64 +/- 0.51pg/mL, T-T: 4.06 +/- 0.91pg/mL) and body temperature (T:37.1 +/- 0.3oC, T-T: 37.6 +/- 0.3oC), significantly increased while body weight decreased (T:240.7 +/- 22.0g, T-T:263 +/- 0.28.7g). Carnosine administration only prevented the increase of FT3 levels, but had no effect on other parameters. Conclusion: The increased FT3 levels observed with LT4 administration were consistent with the physical and vital findings, but carnosine administration did not reflect the expected effects on the physical findings observed in the hyperthyroid condition.
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    The effect of N-acetylcysteine on inflammation and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: a rat model
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Gunturk, Inayet; Yazici, Cevat; Kose, Kader; Dagli, Fatma; Yucel, Bilal; Yay, Arzu
    Background/Aim: Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid organ cancers. Besides its chemotherapeutic effectiveness, cisplatin administration is associated with numerous side effects. Of those, the most clinically significant and common effect is nephrotoxicity. Recent studies reported that oxidative stress and inflammation are probably the most important mechanisms that contribute to the nephrotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent. In the present study, the effects of NAC on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into four groups each including eight rats: CONT, NAC-250, CP, and CP+NAC. Rats in experimental groups were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a single dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg body weight) and i.p. with NAC (250 mg/kg body weight) for three consecutive days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by plasma BUN and creatinine levels. In tissue samples, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), high mobility group box-1 (HMG B-1), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. Kidneys were analyzed histopathologically as well. Results: It was revealed that cisplatin was not effective on MPO, HMGB-1 and NF-kB levels but did increase TOS levels and decrease TAS levels in tissue samples. Interestingly, NAC elevated MPO and HMGB-1 levels significantly. Nevertheless, NAC ameliorated histological and functional changes in kidney tissues. Conclusion: It is suggested that inflammation has a limited effect on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in this experimental design, and, as reflected by decreased BUN and creatinine levels, NAC can be used as an additional therapeutic agent in standard cisplatin treatment protocols.
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    The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Who Underwent On-Pump Cardiac Surgery
    (Arquivos Brasileiros Cardiologia, 2024) Gunturk, Inayet; Ozmen, Rifat; Ozocak, Okan; Gunturk, Ertugrul Emre; Dagli, Fatma; Yazici, Cevat
    Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a new inflammatory index calculated using platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for the identification of high-risk coronary artery disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The relationship between SII and CPB-related mortality rates remains unclear. Objective: This research was designed to investigate the use of SII to predict in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Methods: Four hundred eighty patients who underwent a cardiac procedure involving CPB over 3 years, were obtained from the hospital's database. The demographic data, comorbidities, hematological and biochemical profiles, and operative data of the groups were compared. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to determine independent predictors of mortality. Prognostic factors were assessed by multivariate analysis, and the predictive values of SII, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for mortality were compared. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 480 patients, 78 developed in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery. SII was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (Odds ratio: 1.003, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.005, p<0.001). The cut-off value of the SII was >811.93 with 65% sensitivity and 65% specificity (area under the curve: 0.690). The predictive values of SII, PLR, and NLR were close to each other. Conclusion: High preoperative SII scores can be used for early determination of appropriate treatments, which may improve surgical outcomes of cardiac surgery in the future.