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Öğe DRIVING CYCLE FOR PASSENGER CARS ON URBAN ROADS IN PRISTINA, KOSOVO(Riga Technical Univ-Rtu, 2023) Salihu, Flamur; Demir, Yusuf KaganThe driving cycle is a significant input for the micro-scale analysis of vehicle emission. Several cities around the world have developed driving cycles based on their driving behaviours, while Pristina still has a lack of studies on this issue. Thus, the first objective of this study was to represent the proper driver behaviour of passenger cars in Pristina by obtaining a driving cycle from real-time measurements on the road. The driving cycle was developed by extracting the micro-trips from 53 491 s of data using a 3-sequential points algorithm, where 780 micro-trips were detected. Using the K-means method from 780 micro-trips, we selected only 25 to develop the final driving cycle. The second objective was to analyse the effects of different intersections on the final driving cycle parameters. We found that the final driving cycle had significant differences from driving cycle of other cities. Driving habits in Pristina are more aggressive compared to other European cities. Also, we found that the average speed of roundabouts and un-signalized intersections was statistically different from signalized intersections.Öğe Effect of road slope on driving cycle parameters of urban roads(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Salihu, Flamur; Demir, Yusuf Kagan; Demir, Hatice GocmenThis study focuses on the effect of road slope on driving cycle parameters of urban driving. A driving cycle (DC) is a series of data points that capture a vehicle's speed versus time and is a crucial factor for evaluating vehicular emission. In this study, vehicles were driven on Prishtina's urban roads with different slopes. The driving cycles for each grade class were developed using approximately 40,000 s of real-time speed data. Micro-trips were extracted using a Python-based clustering algorithm. The results indicate that the acceleration and deceleration decreased as the negative slope decreased. Drivers tended to use sharper acceleration and deceleration on uphill and downhill roads, while the lowest values of kinematic parameter values were obtained for roads with grades ranging from -2 to 2; therefore, cities with road slope values beyond this range should consider sloped roads during the development of driving cycle. Furthermore, research on CO, HC and NOx emissions related to slopes shows that for the emissions, they are more sensitive to increase from flat to uphill with respect to increasing in downhill to flat sections.Öğe Modeling and Model Calibration of Traffic Flow on Freeway: Istanbul O1 Example(TURKISH CHAMBER CIVIL ENGINEERS, 2014) Gocmen Demir, Hatice; Gedizlioglu, Ergun; Demir, Yusuf KaganMany traffic control tools such as Variable Speed Limits (VSL), Ramp Metering, etc are applied to improve freeway traffic flow and through these tools various undesirable phenomena like shock waves and queues on traffic flow can be eliminated or reduced. The aim of this study is to analyze a 2.5 km section of O1 Freeway in Istanbul and to model it analytically with a macroscopic analytical traffic flow model METANET. The section under consideration has two merges. Traffic congestion, shock waves and queues occur on the section in rush hours. The fundamental parameters of METANET were estimated by using MATLAB. Data needed (speed and density) to estimate METANET parameters were collected from CORSIM simulation software calibrated for this section. The calibrated METANET model was able to represent traffic flow on the section successfully. It is expected that the calibrated METANET model can be used for performing studies on traffic control for a forecasting model.Öğe MODELLING AND CALIBRATION OF MICROSCOPIC SIMULATION MODEL CORSIM(City Net Scien Res Ctr Ltd-Belgrade, 2018) Demir, Yusuf Kagan; Demir, Hatice G.A simulation method is an effective tool in analyzing the various dynamic problems in recent years. Today, many studies related to Traffic Engineering and Transportation benefit from a simulation method. A simulation model reflects the real system through the instrument of mathematical models of operation relations in the system over determined time. Models are developed in order to evaluate the different design and control scenarios. Traffic flow simulation models are divided into three classes according to the detail level of simulation. These are microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic. CORSIM (CORridor SIMulation) has been developed by FHWA (U.S. Federal Road Administration), is one of the tops most used simulation software for transport professionals. The performance of the software has been tested and is used continuously by FHWA in many studies. CORSIM can integrate urban road and highway networks to each other, thus it is possible to test the interaction of the two types of network. CORSIM also offers to intervene to networks thanks to built-in control devices. As an example, Istanbul European side of the Bosporus Bridge near Freeway 01, 2.5 km part, was modeled and calibrated with CORSIM. Traffic Software Integrated System 6.1 software package was used. As a result of the calibration, the selected traffic behavior can be successfully represented by CORSIM according to the test criteria. The Erlang distribution seems to be particularly successful in modeling speed. For this reason, the Erlang distribution will be used in subsequent CORSIM simulations. With the help of calibrated CORSIM, the traffic control methods to be applied to the working segment and the reaction that the traffic will give can be predicted. Thus, it is possible to test the validity of the work in the laboratory environment before applying it.