Yazar "Demiral, Ozge" seçeneğine göre listele

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    A Research On The Differences Between Business Negotiation Styles Of Turkish And American Managers
    (Ege Univ, Fac Economics & Admin Sciences, 2018) Demiral, Ozge
    It is a well-proven evidence that national cultures of international business managers affect their negotiation styles. There are also cross-national studies suggesting that Turkish and American cultures have unique characteristics and differ in many ways. Combining these two premises, this research compares the key negotiation tendencies of 108 Turkish and American managers who have been somewhat involved in business negotiations on behalf of their organizations. Data was obtained through quantitative ranking style questionnaires and interviews administrated in the California State of America and major cities in Turkey. In the qualitative part, utilizing the mutual assessments of experienced Turkish negotiators on American negotiation styles and vice versa, the study gives insights into the debate on the determinants of cross-cultural business negotiations in the case of these two distinct cultures. Results from the independent-samples t-test which compared the means of quantitative scores reveal that although the negotiation styles of Turkish and American managers working for fully-domestic businesses differ significantly, both American and Turkish managers of multinational businesses tend to use similar negotiation styles. Coherently, some qualitative assessments were also found supporting the convergence trajectory towards culture-independent 'common' principles in international business and cooperation negotiations.
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    Empirical Links between Global Value Chains, Trade and Unemployment
    (Economic Laboratory Transition Research Podgorica-Elit, 2020) Demiral, Mehmet; Demiral, Ozge; Khoich, Aizhan; Maidyrova, Aigl
    This study purposes to explore the determinants of unemployment in 35 countries distinguished between 18 developed and 17 developing countries over 12 years covering 2005-2016. Unlike the majority of the relevant literature, the study integrates different aspects of internal and external predictors of unemployment focusing on global value chains (GVCs) involvement. The study employs a panel regression analysis to estimate the relationships of unemployment with economic growth, government expenditure, inflation, human capital, population, industrialization, trade openness, and foreign direct investment flows. To what extent countries involve in GVCs are measured by the foreign value-added share of gross exports and domestic valueadded share of gross imports. Empirical results show that it is yet hard to come to a global consensus about a common set of determinants of unemployment in a cross-country aspect. Moreover, the influences of internal and external factors tend to vary substantially across the development phases and structural changes of countries. Overall findings keep the debate about jobless export, the job-carrying function of foreign direct investment, employment gain from trade and trade in employment at the center of the unemployment agenda of both developed and developing countries. The study concludes with some discussions and implications of the evidence.
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    Extra-regional trade and consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions in the European countries: Is there a carbon leakage?
    (Wiley, 2022) Demiral, Ozge; Demiral, Mehmet; Aktekin-Gok, Emine Dilara
    The European countries are committed to making Europe the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050 under the carbon leakage debates. Carbon leakage occurs when carbon-intensive production relocates to environmentally unregulated countries. The trade channel of carbon leakage refers that the carbon-loaded products finally come back through imports and increase consumption-based carbon emissions in the decarbonization-committed countries. This study probes the effects of extra-imports (imports from non-European countries) share on per capita consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions (CCEpc) in the panel of 31 European countries from 1995 to 2018. After identifying cross-country dependence, unit root, heterogeneity, and cointegration, the study applies the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) estimators, followed by the Emirmahmutoglu-Kose causality test. The results reveal a carbon leakage pattern that extra-imports share has both associative (positive) and causal (one-way) effects on CCEpc. Other results unveil a strong decarbonization contribution from enhancing renewable energy supply against the carbonization forces of growing extra-exports (exports to non-European countries) share, real gross domestic product, and comparative advantage in high-tech manufactures, while population density's influence is statistically insignificant. Some policy implications including carbon-adjusting border taxes on trade are drawn for regional and global mitigation undertakings.
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    Global value chains participation and trade-embodied net carbon exports in group of seven and emerging seven countries
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Demiral, Mehmet; Demiral, Ozge
    A vast literature has examined the empirical link between gross exports and total carbon emissions for different country groups. However, countries' increasing participation in global value chains (GVCs) challenges this traditional approach since the gross measures neglect trade-embodied carbon emissions and intermediatesdriven value-added trade. Therefore, this study scrutinizes how backward participation (foreign contents in domestic exports) and forward participation (domestic contents in foreign exports) in GVCs affect per capita net exports of trade-embodied carbon dioxide emissions. The study adopts input-output accounting and value-added decomposition framework for Group of Seven (G7) and Emerging Seven (E7) countries over the 1995-2018 period. (i) Pre-estimation analyses reveal that the net carbon importer G7 group had a comparative advantage in high-tech exports and a lower export product concentration level, while the net carbon exporter E7 group had a comparative advantage in resource-intensive exports and a higher export product concentration level, albeit significant within-group heterogeneities. (ii) The augmented mean group estimates reveal that increasing backward participation raises net carbon exports for both G7 and E7. The forward participation-net carbon exports nexus is negative for G7 but positive for E7. (iii) While economic growth reduces net carbon exports in both groups, the effects of comparative advantages in resource-intensive and high-tech exports differ. Practitioners should be aware of the GVCs-driven carbon circle when assessing decarbonization performances and obligations of countries.
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    Non-renewable energy effects of trade in intermediate and final products: Evidence from emerging industrial economies
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Demiral, Mehmet; Demiral, Ozge; Ozturk-cetenak, Ozlem; Ozayturk, Gurcem; Ozayturk, Ibrahim
    The interest in the trade-environment nexus is growing for emerging countries as their participation in world trade is increasing. However, the available evidence regarding the non-renewable energy effects of trade in intermediate and final products is limited. This study addresses this gap and investigates the separate effects of per capita exports and imports of intermediate and final products on per capita non-renewable energy supply (NES) in the case of 22 emerging industrial economies (EIEs) between 1995 and 2018. The study also considers per capita environmental inventions (EnvINV), industry value-added (IND), services value-added (SERV), and renewable energy supply (RES). After confirming that the modeled variables are cross-sectionally dependent, first-difference stationary, and cointegrated, the long-run heterogeneous coefficients are estimated through the common correlated effects mean group and augmented mean group estimators. Consistent results show that although both are positively associated with NES, the magnitudes of the impacts of intermediate product imports are higher than that of intermediate product exports. Similar effects are observed in the final product trade. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin test finds unidirectional causalities from all trade indicators to NES. Additional results reveal positive impacts of IND and SERV, negative effects of RES, and insignificant impacts of EnvINV. Several policy insights are provided to better inform practitioners about the environmental implications of emerging economies' trade specialization pattern in energy-intensive global production networks.
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    Socio-economic productive capacities and energy efficiency: global evidence by income level and resource dependence
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Demiral, Mehmet; Demiral, Ozge
    This study tests the effects of productive capacities in socio-economic factors (human capital, transport, information-communication technology, institutions, private sector, and structural change) on energy efficiency in a sample of 125 countries. Energy efficiency is assessed by energy productivity (gross domestic product per unit of total primary energy supply) and energy intensity (total primary energy supply per capita). The world sample is divided into four income groups and an income-heterogeneous control group of non-renewable-resource-dependent economies. The study utilizes cross-sectionally dependent and stationary panel data from 2000 to 2018. The analysis of variance shows that higher income groups monotonically have higher levels in socio-economic productive capacities and energy intensity. The regression results from appropriate fixed-effects and random-effects modeling reveal varied driver and barrier influences of the socio-economic factors on energy efficiency improvements (higher energy productivity and lower energy intensity). In some cases, predictors scale up both energy productivity and energy intensity indicating the issue of the rebound effect. Higher human capital capacity stimulates energy efficiency except for middle-income groups. Higher transport capacity reduces energy productivity, except for upper-middle-income economies, and increases energy intensity for low-income and middle-income groups. The deployment of information-communication technologies is positively associated with energy productivity, except for low-income economies. Energy productivity performance of resource-dependent economies is improved by higher productive capacities in institutions and private sectors but impaired by structural change, whereas structural change drives energy efficiency in low-income economies. Additionally, the growth of gross national income per capita worsens energy efficiency for resource-dependent economies. Bidirectional feedback causalities are established between energy efficiency and its predictors in most cases. The heterogeneous findings are further discussed for providing research and policy implications.
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    Where is the gray side of green growth? Theoretical insights, policy directions, and evidence from a multidimensional approach
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Demiral, Mehmet; Demiral, Ozge
    Addressing the geographical relocation of the pollution-intensive gray side of low-carbon green production, our study analyzes potential determinants of green and gray growth performance of industrialized/developed countries (IDCs) and industrializing/emerging economies (IEEs) over the 1996-2015 period. We define green growth by low-carbon output, while we link gray growth to comparative advantages of pollution havens. Green and gray growth models include such predictors as domestic income and foreign direct investment (FDI) together with composite indices for globalization, environmental policy stringency (EPS), industrialization, and control of corruption. Considering non-stationarity, cross-section dependency, endogeneity, and heterogeneity concerns, we employ bootstrap and residual-based cointegration analyses followed by long-run estimations using the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimators and causality examination through Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Emirmahmutoglu-Kose tests. The key findings of the study are as follows: (i) income is positively associated with green growth for both IEEs and IDCs, whereas the income-gray growth nexus is negative for IEEs. (ii) Although inward FDI stocks are positively related to green and gray growth of IEEs and outward FDI stocks are negatively associated with green and gray growth of IDCs, these relationships are mediated by EPS. (iii) Globalization encourages both green and gray growth for IDCs. (iv) Even though EPS inhibits green growth and encourage gray growth in IEEs, these direct effects widely depend on the indirect effects of control of corruption. (v) IEEs' higher gray growth performance is substantially explained by their increased industrial competitiveness, whereas the link is negative for IDCs. (vi) Control of corruption fosters both green and gray growth in IEEs. Overall, growing gray does not necessarily mean not growing green and vice versa. Globally, the low-carbon benefits of greening countries may be counterbalanced by the environmental costs of graying economies. From a policy perspective, IEEs need to reinforce environmental policies by green efficiency, green industrialization, and anti-corruption plans to decouple economic growth from carbon dioxide emissions.
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