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    Association of autophagy gene ATG16L1 polymorphism with human prostate cancer and Bladder cancer in Turkish Population
    (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2018) Diler S.B.; Aybuğa F.
    Background: Urological cancers (prostate cancer and bladder cancers) are the most common cancers in Western population and its rate is increasing in the Eastern World. Autophagy has appeared as a fundamental repair mechanism for degrading damaged organelles and proteins. It was clear that autophagy gene polymorphisms are correlated with development of inflammatory bowel disease and it can also be related with prostate cancer (PCa) or bladder cancer (BCa). In this study, we aimed to determine if ATG16L1 (Thr300Ala) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing PCa and BCa and to establish correlations between ATG16L1 genotypes and morphological parameters. Methods: This study included 269 healthy controls and 131 patients (62 PCa and 69 BCa) with PCa and BCa. The ATG16L1 (rs2241880) gene regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: At the end of our research, we found out that the genotype AG was prevalent on patients and controls (34% vs 42%), followed by genotypes AA (35% vs 27%) and GG (31% vs 31%) in PCa. The prevalence of genotypes of AA (wild-type), AG (heterozygous mutant) and GG (homozygous mutant) profiles for the ATG16L1 Thr300Ala polymorphism were 35%, 40% and 25% respectively in BCa patients, and 32%, 40% and 28% respectively in healthy control groups. The G allele frequency was 0.53 for in BCa patients and the control groups. Conclusion: No association was found between ATG16L1 (Thr300Ala) polymorphism and patients with PCa and BCa in Turkish population we studied. © 2018, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention.
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    CTLA-4 (+49A/G) and NOD2/CARD15 (N852S) polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease in Turkish patients
    (Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2018) Diler S.B.; Yaraş S.
    Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the major types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and exhibit similar clinical features and epidemiology. The main objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the CTLA-4 gene +49A/G polymorphism and the NOD2/CARD15 gene N852S polymorphism in Turkish patients with IBD using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of the CTLA-4 (+49A/G) and NOD2/CARD15 (N852S) polymorphisms in 62 patients with CD, 76 patients with UC, and 152 healthy individuals. The CTLA-4 and NOD2/CARD15 variants, rs231775 and rs104895467, were genotyped by PCR followed by RFLP. The results for the patients and the control group were statistically analyzed. According to our results, the CTLA-4 gene +49A/G polymorphism AA genotype was prevalent in CD patients and controls (29% vs 40%); the AG (56% vs 51%) and GG (15% vs 9%) genotypes were also observed. The prevalence of the of AA, AG and GG genotypes for the +49A/G polymorphism was 56%, 32% and 12%, respectively, in the UC patients, and 40%, 51% and 9%, respectively, in the healthy controls. In all subjects, just one band of 151 bp, corresponding to wild-type N852S, was found, and no other N852S mutant bands (151+129+22 and 129+22 bp) were detected using PCR-RFLP fragment electrophoresis. The CTLA-4 gene +49 A/G polymorphism and the NOD2/CARD15 gene N852S polymorphism were not associated with CD or UC in a Turkish population. © 2018 by the C.M.B. Association. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of genotoxic effects of hookah smoking by micronucleus and chromosome aberration methods
    (International Scientific Literature Inc., 2016) Eker E.D.; Koyuncu H.; Şahin N.Ö.; Yüksel A.; Berköz M.; Diler S.B.; Akgül S.A.
    Background: Use of a hookah (a type of water pipe) is a traditional way of smoking tobacco, particularly in the Middle East. In Turkey, its popularity has been growing in recent years, especially among young people. It is known that cigarette smoking has genotoxic effects and causes mutations, but no comprehensive study has been done on the genotoxic effects of hookah usage, particularly in Turkey. Material/Methods: We collected peripheral blood/buccal smear samples from 30 subjects who did not smoke cigarettes but who regularly smoke a hookah an average of 2 times per week, and from 30 control subjects who had never smoked cigarettes or a hookah. Chromosome analyses were performed on the samples obtained from peripheral blood of each individual, 25 metaphase plaques were counted for each, and chromosome/chromatid breakage/gap parameters were evaluated. Micronucleus analysis was done on buccal smear samples and micronucleus/binucleus parameters were investigated by counting 2000 cells of each individual. Results: Chromosome breakage ratios were found to be 0.64±0.86 and 0.46±0.71 in the study and control groups, respectively, while chromatid breakage ratios were 0.53±0.83 and 0.53±0.71; fragment ratios were 0.82±1.24 and 0.21±0.49 (p<0.05); and gap ratios were 0.57±0.83 and 0.18±0.53 (p<0.05), respectively. Micronucleus ratio was 6.03±2.06 and 4.43±2.27 (p<0.05) in the study and control groups, respectively, and binucleus ratios were 8.53±3.23 and 12.15±5.18, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: Results of our study reveal significant statistical differences between the individuals who smoked hookah and those who did not in terms of fragment, gap, micronucleus, and binucleus parameters, suggesting that smoking a hookah may cause genotoxic effects. © Med Sci Monit.
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    Nuclear anomalies in the buccal cells of calcite factory workers
    (Brazilian Journal of Genetics, 2010) Diler S.B.; Ergene S.
    The micronucleus (MN) assay on exfoliated buccal cells is a useful and minimally invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in humans. To determine the genotoxic effects of calcite dust that forms during processing, MN assay was carried out in exfoliated buccal cells of 50 (25 smokers and 25 non-smokers) calcite factory workers and 50 (25 smokers and 25 non-smokers) age- and sex-matched control subjects. Frequencies of nuclear abnormalities (NA) other than micronuclei, such as binucleates, karyorrhexis, karyolysis and 'broken eggs', were also evaluated. Micronuclei and the other aforementioned anomalies were analysed by two way analysis of covariance. The linear correlations between the types of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities were determined by Spearman's Rho. There was a positive correlation between micronuclei and other types of nuclear abnormalities in accordance with the Spearman's Rho test. Results showed statistically significant difference between calcite fabric workers and control groups. MN and NA frequencies in calcite fabric workers were significantly higher than those in control groups (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that calcite fabric workers are under risk of significant cytogenetic damage. © 2010, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.
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    T-786C, G894T, and intron 4 VNTR (4a/b) polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in bladder cancer cases
    (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2015) Polat F.; Diler S.B.; Azazi I.; öden A
    The aim of the present study was to determine whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms play a role in development of bladder cancer in the Turkish population. The study was performed on 75 patients (64 men, 11 women) with bladder cancer and 143 healthy individuals (107 men, 36 women) with any kind of cancer history. Three eNOS gene polymorphisms (T-786C promoter region, G894T and intron 4 VNTR 4a/b) were determined with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment lenght polymorphism methods. In our study, GT and TT genotypes for eNOS G894T polymorphism were found to significantly vary among patients with bladder cancer and control group (OR: 0.185, CI: 0.078-0.439, p=0.0001 and OR: 0.324, CI: 0.106-0.990, p=0.026). Also, the frequency of the 894T allele was significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer (51%). No association was identified for eNOS T-786C and intron 4 VNTR 4a/b polymorphisms between patients with bladder cancer and control groups in our Turkish population.
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    The association of MYNN and TERC gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer in a Turkish population
    (Urology and Nephrology Research Centre, 2019) Polat F.; Yilmaz M.; Diler S.B.
    Purpose: Researchers reported that, MYNN rs10936599 polymorphism is in strong or moderate linkage disequilibrium with SNPs within the 3q26.2 chromosomal regions that also include the TERC gene. In addition, it has been reported that MYNN rs10936599 had a strong cumulative association with bladder cancer risk, and TERC gene suppresses cell growth in bladder cancer cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether polymorphisms of MYNN rs10936599 and TERC rs2293607 play any roles for bladder cancer in the Turkish population in this study. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 70 patients and 150 controls were investigated. Genotyping analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing techniques. Results: Genotype distribution between study groups for MYNN rs10936599 SNP was significantly different (P = .001); although there was no difference in genotype distribution for TERC rs2293607 SNP. In addition, patients with CT genotype and CT+TT genotype combination of MYNN SNP have a decreased risk for bladder cancer. Two times increased risk ratio on development of bladder cancer was obtained for CC genotype of the SNP (P = .001). Besides, it was found that genotype combination of GG+AG/CC versus AA/CC genotypes (TERC/MYNN) showed stronger correlation. We observed that statistically significant relationship between the C-G haplotypes of two polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk (P = .0001). Conclusion: At the end of the study, we suggested that there may exist an association between a combination of MYNN rs10936599 and TERC rs2293607 polymorphisms and development of bladder cancer in Turkish population. © 2017,Urology and Nephrology Research Centre.