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Öğe Cathodoluminescence and Raman characteristics of CaSO4:Tm3+, Cu phosphor(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Ekdal, E.; Garcia Guinea, J.; Kelemen, A.; Ayvacikli, M.; Canimoglu, A.; Jorge, A.; Can, N.The physical characterization and phosphor emission spectra are presented for CaSO4 doped with Tm and Cu. All spectral wavelengths are related to electronic transitions of Tm3+ ions. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the compound exhibits orthorhombic structure and all reflections were indexed without any other secondary impurity phases. Chemical and structural properties of the samples have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with an attached X-ray energy dispersive system (EDS). Group frequencies concept is essential point to the interpretation of the bands due to the main SO4 vibrational units and these displayed main characteristic intensive Raman bands including typical strong intensity at 1016 cm(-1) that corresponds to v(1)SO(4) vibrational mode. From the spatially-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum, main emission bands of Tm3+ centered at 346, 362, and 452 nm, due to the respective transitions of P-3(0) -> H-3(4), D-1(2) -> H-3(6), D-1(2) -> F-3(4) were clearly identified. The study is novel as no such CL-ESEM data are available for this doped compound. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterisation and luminescence studies of Tm and Na doped magnesium borate phosphors(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2015) Ekdal, E.; Garcia Guinea, J.; Karabulut, Y.; Canimoglu, A.; Harmansah, C.; Jorge, A.; Can, N.In this study, structural and luminescence properties of magnesium borate of the form MgB4O7 doped with Tm and Na were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL). The morphologies of the synthetised compounds exhibit clustered granules and road-like materials. As doping trivalent ions into a host with divalent cations requires charge compensation, this effect is discussed. The CL spectra of undoped MgB4O7 shows a broad band emission centred around 350 nm which is postulated to be produced by self-trapped excitons and some other defects. From the CL emission spectrum, main emission bands centred at 360, 455, 475 nm due to the respective transitions of D-1(2)-> H-3(6),D-1(2)-> F-3(4) and (1)G(4)-> H-3(6) suggest the presence of Tm3+ ion in MgB4O7 lattice site. CL mechanism was proposed to explain the observed phenomena which are valuable in possibility of the developing new luminescent materials for different applications. In addition, the experimental Raman spectrum of doped and undoped MgB4O7 were reported and discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Luminescence of dysprosium doped strontium aluminate phosphors by codoping with manganese ion(ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2014) Karabulut, Y.; Canimoglu, A.; Kotan, Z.; Akyuz, O.; Ekdal, E.The authors report here the luminescence properties of strontium aluminate doped with dysprosium and manganese. The dysprosium, manganese co-doped powders were prepared by a solid state reaction at temperatures at 1600 degrees C under H-2 (15%)-Ar (85%) atmosphere. The dysprosium, manganese co-doped strontium aluminate phosphors have the monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a approximate to 8.440 angstrom, b approximate to 8.821 angstrom, c approximate to 5.157 angstrom and beta approximate to 93.4 degrees. The characteristic (4)F9/2 -> H-6(15/2) (blue), F-4(9/2) -> H-6(13/2) (yellow), F-4(9/2) -> H-6(11/2) (red) and F-4(9/2) -> H-6(9/2) (NIR) transitions of Dy3+ for different luminescence techniques (radioluminescence, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence) were detected in the emission spectra at the room temperature. The luminescence of Mn2+ co-doped SrAl2O4:Dy3+ exhibits a broad greenorange emission band (T-4(1) -> (6)A(1) transition) from the synthesized phosphor particles under different excitation sources. This corresponds to the spin-forbidden transition of the d-orbital electron associated with the Mn2+ ion. Multiple emission lines observed at each of these techniques are due to the crystal field splitting of the ground state of the emitting ions. The nature of the emission lines is discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Solid state synthesis of SrAl2O4:Mn2+ co-doped with Nd3+ phosphor and its optical properties(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013) Ayvacikli, M.; Kotan, Z.; Ekdal, E.; Karabulut, Y.; Canimoglu, A.; Garcia Guinea, J.; Can, N.The optical properties of alkaline earth aluminates doped with rare earth ions have received much attention in the last years and this is due to. their chemical stability, long-afterglow (LAG) phosphorescence and high quantum efficiency. However, there is a lack of understanding about the nature of the rare earth ion trapping sites and the mechanisms which could activate and improve the emission centers in these materials. Therefore a new phosphor material composition, SrAl2O4:Mn2+, co-doped with Nd3+ was synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The influence of transition metal and rare earth doping on crystal structure and its luminescence properties have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Photoluminescence (PL) and Radioluminescence (RL). Analysis of the related diffraction patterns has revealed a major phase characteristic of the monoclinic SrAl2O4 compound. Small amounts of the dopants MnCO3 and Nd2O3 have almost no effect on the crsytalline phase composition. Characteristic absorption bands from Nd3+ 4f-4f transitions in the spectra can be assigned to the transitions from the ground state I-4(9/2) to the excited states. The luminescence of Mn2+ activated SrAl2O4 exhibits a broad green emission band from the synthesized phosphor particles under different excitation sources. This corresponds to the spin-forbidden transition of the d-orbital electron associated with the Mn2+ ion. In photo- and radio-luminescence spectra, Nd3+ 4f-4f transition peaks were observed. The emitted radiations for different luminescence techniques were dominated by 560, 870, 1057 and 1335 nm peaks in the visible and NIR regions as a result of I-4(9/2) -> (4)G(7/2) and F-4(3/2) -> I-4(J) (J=9/2, 11/2 and 13/2) transitions of Nd3+ ions, respectively. Multiple emission lines observed at each of these techniques are due to the crystal field splitting of the ground state of the emitting ions. The nature of the emission lines is discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Study of luminescence of Mn-doped CaB4O7 prepared by wet chemical method(ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2016) Oguz, K. F.; Ekdal, E.; Aslani, M. A. A.; Canimoglu, A.; Garcia Guinea, J.; Can, N.; Karali, T.In this study, manganese (Mn) doped Calcium Tetraborate (CaB4O7) samples were prepared by the wet chemical method. Under beta irradiated, CaB4O7:Mn showed thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) glow peaks at approximately 85 degrees C and 220 degrees C with a heating rate of 5 degrees C/s. Peak shape (PS) and various heating rates (VHR) methods were applied for determining the trap parameters such as order of kinetic (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s). The results indicate that the main dosimetric peak of CaB4O7:Mn follows the second-order kinetic model. The thermal fading ratio of the material is around 15% at the end of one month period of storage. The results of the TL studies carried out on the CaB4O7:Mn dosimeter revealed that it has high sensitivity, which makes it very valuable in various dosimetric applications like space, medical, personal dosimetry and dating. Radioluminescence (RL) of CaB4O7:Mn was also studied. It is shown that the RL spectrum contains a wide band centered at 530 nm assigned to Mn2+ ion emission. A broad band emission feature peaked at 350 nm assigned to the non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) is also discussed and a model is proposed to explain this broad band feature. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Trivalent Rare-Earth Element-Doped Calcium Stannate Phosphors(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2014) Karabulut, Y.; Ayvacikli, M.; Canimoglu, A.; Guinea, J. Garcia; Kotan, Z.; Ekdal, E.; Can, N.The phosphors of calcium stannate activated with individual trivalent rare-earth element (REE) ions (Neodymium III, Europium III, Terbium III, Dysprosium III, and Samarium III) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction (SSR), and their characterization and luminescent properties were investigated. The crystal structures and morphologies of the resultant materials were well characterized by experimental techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The XRD results display that the rare-earths substitution of Calcium II does not change the structure of calcium stannate host. Obviously, the ESEM image exhibits that phosphors aggregate and their particles with irregular shape exist. The calcined powders of the Europium III, Neodymium III, Samarium III, Dysprosium III, and Terbium III ions doped in calcium stannate exhibits bright red, reddish orange, yellowish, orange white, and green light, respectively. Although there is some intrinsic emission ranging from UV to near-infrared (NIR) due to the host lattice, the dominant signals are from the rare-earth sites, with signals characteristic of the trivalent rare-earth states. The emission spectrum from undoped-calcium stannate phosphor is characterized by two broad bands centered at similar to 800 and similar to 950nm. The shapes of the emission bands are different for each dopant. The sharp emission properties show that the calcium stannate is a suitable host for rare-earth ion-doped phosphor material. Furthermore the influence of different rare-earth dopants, that is, Europium III, Neodymium III, Samarium III, Dysprosium III, and Terbium III, on thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) of calcium stannate phosphor under the beta irradiation was discussed. Among these trivalent rare-earth-doped phosphors samarium-doped material showed maximum TSL sensitivity with favorable glow curve shape.Öğe Thermoluminescence studies of Nd doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals irradiated by UV and beta sources(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016) Karabulut, Y.; Canimoglu, A.; Ekdal, E.; Ayvacikli, M.; Can, N.; Karali, T.Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of pure and rare earth doped bismuth germanate (BGO) were investigated under UV and beta radiation. The glow curves of pure BGO crystal present different patterns for both kinds of radiation. The TL glow curves of BGO crystals doped with Nd ions are similar to that of pure BGO under UV radiation. The kinetic parameters, kinetic order (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) of the TL glow curves of pure BGO crystal have been determined by peak shape method. Activation energies of 3 peaks obtained by PS were found to be 1.81, 1.15 and 1.78, respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
