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    Electrical Resistivity Technique On The Investigation Of Subsurface Structure Of Fossil And Beach Dunes And Its Contributions To The Interpretation Of Paleo-Coastal Environment
    (TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI, 2015) Demirci, Alper; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel
    Based on the technological progress, the improvements of the software packages and multi-electrode measuring systems have enabled to perform the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) measurements more widely, faster and more reliable in various disciplines of earth sciences. Herein, some recent case study examples performed by ERT technique for uncommon-purposes such as investigation of coastal environs are presented. Imaging the lower parts of the beach and dune sands (or other covering units) of layered coastal deposits, which were cemented with calcium carbonate after the development by the control of wave, current and wind, and also the buried geological structures and fossil topographies covered by those beach and dune sands, shows significant contribution of ERT technique on the investigations of coastal geology and paleogeography. Thus some case studies, which have been performed in Black Sea (Sile, Karaburun, Kiyikoy) and Aegean Sea (Bozcaada Island) coasts, and their findings were presented here. The depositional characteristics, subsurface geometry and contact relations of those fossil coastal deposits cemented on different geological periods from Late Pleistocene to Late Holocene provide noteworthy contributions in understanding regarding sea level changes, paleo-wind and current dynamics. The derived-ERT images obtained from the field studies yielded key information about the depositional nature of the deeper parts of the studied layers.
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    Eolianite and coquinite as evidence of MIS 6 and 5, NW Black Sea coast, Turkey
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Selim, Hamit Haluk; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Demirci, Alper
    This paper discusses the implications of a lowstand carbonate eolianite and overlying transgressive sequence of coquinite at Sile on the Turkish Black Sea coast based on composition, depositional characteristics and optical age estimations. The cross-bedded eolianite is a mixed ooid quartz grainstone in composition, yielding a depositional age matching MIS 6. It formed at the backshore of the paleobeach with the supply of sediment the from the beach face and offering insights into the drift of mixed shallow marine carbonates and siliciclastics together with radial ooids by onshore winds from a subaerially exposed high- to low-energy ooid shoals and oolitic sand complexes which developed parallel to the shoreline on the shallow shelf margin. During this lowstand, a low-relief dune retaining a record of opposing paleowind directions than that of prevalent northeasterly winds of today appears to have been lithified to form dune rock (aeolinite) under drier conditions compared to the present. Coinciding with MIS 5e, shallow marine coquina beds resting unconformably on the eolianite indicate the occurrence of the Mediterranean transgression during the last interglacial, as confirmed by benthic foraminifera within the high-salinity tolerant coquina shells. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Records of repeated drought stages during the Holocene, Lake Iznik (Turkey) with reference to beachrock
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016) Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Demirci, Alper; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Curebal, Isa; Ozturk, Tugba
    The cement fabrics, subsurface nature and optically stimulated luminescence age of beachrocks along the shores of Lake Iznik in NW Turkey were studied within the context of Holocene lake level changes. With a maximum thickness of 1.5 m, the low-angle (average 5-10 degrees) beds are composed of coarse grains and small gravels and extend up to 5 m offshore at their most lakeward extremities. Cement textures on and around the poorly-rounded grains are made up of micrite envelopes and meniscus bridges as well as acicular aragonite rims. Geoelectrical resistivity sections taken from a representative location along the beach where the beds have maximum thickness showed that the sand-buried beds are followed up to about 24 m landward. Based on the OSL ages of 33 samples, the cemented beds occurred at four drier periods of the following: Pre- and Early Holocene (dated to 15-9 ka), Holocene Climatic Optimum (7.9-5.6 ka), Middle Holocene (4.9 ka-2.8 ka) and Late Holocene (2.0 ka-0.9 ka). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.