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    In vitro screening of octoploid Fragaria chiloensis and ragaria virginiana genotypes against iron deficiency
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2014) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Kacar, Yildiz Aka; Bicen, Belgin; Erdem, Nazife; Serce, Sedat
    Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the common problems in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) growing regions. In vitro screening enables researchers to evaluate genotype performance under several concentrations of Fe in a relatively fast and economical way. Therefore, we evaluated the responses of several genotypes belonging to octoploid Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. and Fragaria virginiana Mill. (the progenitors of cultivated strawberry) against Fe treatments under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, HM 1, Pigeon Point, CFRA1267 (F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica), and CA1541 (F. chiloensis subsp. chiloensis) were tested with various Fe concentrations (0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Different Fe concentration treatments resulted in differences in plant height, fresh and dry weight, as well as macro- and microelement concentrations among the tested genotypes. In the second experiment, 16 octoploid Fragaria genotypes were tested with 4 Fe concentration treatments (0%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, where 100% = 27.8 mg L-1 FeSO4.7H(2)O). Iron concentration and genotype interactions were significant for all studied characteristics except sulfur (S) and manganese (Mn) concentrations, and the 16 genotypes responded differentially to varying Fe treatments. The results of these experiments indicated that F. chiloensis and F. virginiana genotypes exhibited considerable variation under different Fe treatments in vitro, and the more resistant genotypes could be utilized to develop new strawberry cultivars with tolerance to low Fe concentrations.
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    Screening of Wild Strawberry Genotypes against Iron Deficiency under Greenhouse Conditions
    (UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2013) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Erdem, Nazife; Aka Kacar, Yildiz; Serce, Sedar
    The cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch. is the natural hybrid of F chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. The progenitor species have high genetic diversity compared with the cultivated genotypes; therefore, the use of wild relative in F. chiloensis breeding could provide a good for broadening the available genetic variations of cultivated species. In present study, 13 genotypes selected from strawberry super core collection were tested under Fe (-) and Fe (+) conditions for their response against Fe deficiency conditions in a growth medium (GM) (soil + sand + perlite), potentially able to simulate the actual GM in nature. SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels of the leaf, shoot dry matter yield, Fe-efficiency rate, shoot total and active Fe concentrations were determined to evaluate the resistance levels of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. Results of this study indicated that different response for strawberry subspecies and genotypes of the same subspecies grown in GM against Fe deficiency. Symptom for Fe deficiency of genotypes varied between 1-5, SPAD-meter readings 3, shoot dry matter yields and shoot Fe concentrations varied between 6.5-38, 1.02-6.06 g plant(-1) and 41.8-233.1 mg kg(-1) respectively. Iron-efficiencies of genotypes were found between 58-98%. Strawberry subspecies, E virginiana spp. glauca, F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica showed Fe-efficiency values of 93 8, 79.5 and 79.1% respectively. We concluded that shoot growth performance, Fe intake from GM, transfer of Fe from roots to shoots, shoot Fe-use efficiency, Fe deficiency symptom levels and SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels were significant parameters to evaluate the resistance of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. The most Fe-efficient genotypes belonging to F. virginiana spp.glauca could be used in breeding programs aiming at developing new strawberry genotypes suitable for growing under Fe deficient conditions.
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    Screening of Wild Strawberry Germplasm for Iron-deficiency Tolerance Under Hydroponic Conditions
    (Galenos Publ House, 2022) Alkan Torun, Ayfer; Erdem, Nazife; Serce, Sedat; Aka Kacar, Yildiz; Torun, Bulent
    Cultivated strawberry has been developed from hybridization between Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana. The progenitor species exhibit significant genetic diversity. Growth attributes of progenitor species and their responses to several stress factors have been studied. However, iron deficiency tolerance (FeDT) of different species have merely been tested under hydroponic conditions. This study evaluated FeDT of 23 genotypes belonging to super-seed collection under hydroponic conditions. Two genotypes (one Fe-deficiency tolerant and one sensitive) were selected from screening experiment and their physiological and morphological mechanisms playing role in FeDT were determined. Plant parameters associated with FeDT, i.e., pH of the growth medium, root Fe reductase activity, total and active Fe concentration of shoot were recorded. The Fe efficiency of strawberry subspecies varied between 51% and 98%. Fe efficiency values also varied among subspecies. AukeLake and RCP37 belonging to F. chiloensis were highly resistant and sensitive to Fe deficiency, respectively based on Fe efficiency values. A highly significant relationship was observed between Fe concentration and FeDT of the genotypes. Acidification of nutrient solution and root Fe reductase activity were closely related to high shoot iron concentration. Our findings indicated existence of a close relationship between root uptake and root to shoot translocation of Fe, which ultimately contribute greatly to FeDT among tested strawberry genotypes.