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    Hydrogeochemical characteristics, sources and human health risk assessment of heavy metal dispersion in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system in the largest manganese mine in Ghana
    (Elsevier, 2022) Ewusi, Anthony; Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Seidu, Jamel; Coffie-Anum, Emmanuel
    This study was conducted to appraise the hydrogeochemical characteristics and sources of heavy metals and the probable human health risks associated with the consumption of water contaminated with heavy metals in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system in the Nsuta manganese mining area in western Ghana. Therefore, a total of 29 samples were collected for hydrochemical analysis and the hydrochemical data was interpreted using multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicate that the pH of water in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system is slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. The groundwater evolved from Ca-Mg-SO4, Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4, Ca-Mg-Na-Cl to Ca-Na-Cl-HCO3 water type with other mixed types, reflecting intense water-rock interaction and dissolution of rocks belonging to the Banded Manganese Formation and the Birimian metasediments in the area. The water is supersaturated with respect to goethite and hematite, pointing to precipitation and dissolution of these minerals. The Water Hazard Index values range from 0.20 to 30.5, implying minimal to extreme toxicity of the water. The mine pit water shows very high Fe, Mn, Ni, As and Sb concentrations, which resulted in hydromorphic dispersion of the heavy metals to the surface water and groundwater. The computed Hazard Index values show higher values (>1) in the surface water and mine pit water, and the carcinogenic risk is low in the groundwater, high in the surface water and extremely high in the mine pit water. Therefore, appropriate control and remedial measures should be urgently put in place to safeguard the health of the people. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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    Hydrogeochemical evolution and assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Gushegu Municipality and some parts of East Mamprusi District, Ghana
    (Springer, 2023) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Abangba, Timothy; Ewusi, Anthony; Tetteh, Samuel Edem Kodzo; Ofosu, Enoch
    The Gushegu Municipality and the East Mamprusi District in Ghana are dominated by the Oti/Pendjari Group within the Voltaian Supergroup. The major rock types found in the area are quartzites, siltstones, conglomerates, and shales with minor occurrences of tillites, silexites, limestones, and barite-rich dolomites. The inhabitants of the area are mainly peasant farmers, and their activities might be influencing the groundwater chemistry, but little is known about the quality of the groundwater. Therefore, this study evaluated the suitability of groundwater resources in the Gushegu Municipality, and some parts of the East Mamprusi District in Ghana for domestic and irrigation uses, employing hydrogeochemical graphing, geochemical modelling, multivariate statistical analysis, and computation of water quality indices. Sodium (Na+), with concentrations ranging from 4.93 to 323 mg/L and a mean of 169 mg/L, is found to be the major cation in the groundwater, while bicarbonate (HCO3-), with concentrations ranging from 19.9 to 685 mg/L and a mean of 397 mg/L, is the major anion in the area. The dominant hydrochemical facies is the Na-HCO3 type, accounting for about 72.7% of the study area's groundwater and is influenced by silicate weathering, carbonate mineral dissolution, and ion exchange reactions. Other factors accounting for this dominance may be anthropogenic activities, including the dissolution and leaching of fertilizers from farmlands. Overall, this study reveals that the groundwater in the area is suitable for drinking based on the WQI classification. There are localized contaminations with respect to B and F-, making the water in those areas unsuitable for drinking. Also, the groundwater in the area is unsuitable for irrigation purposes due to the high Na% values (43 to 99% with a mean of 86%), magnesium hazard values (1 to 312 with a mean of 88), and sodium adsorption ratio (0.57 to 42.4 with a mean of 12.7). All these indices exceed their respective standards for irrigation purposes.
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    Hydrogeochemical evolution and assessment of groundwater quality in the Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Seidu, Jamel; Ewusi, Anthony
    Groundwater quality is generally better than surface water quality but this is not sacrosanct because during recharge and abstraction, groundwater may be subjected to variations due to influence from natural and anthropogenic processes. The Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers are threatened by several anthropogenic activities like dumping of domestic and industrial wastes in open landfill sites. These activities can be sources of groundwater constituents and can pose adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem but little is known about the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its quality in the area. Therefore, the present study is aimed at unravelling the hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the Togo and Dahomeyan aquifers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A total of 37 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for the concentrations of major ions, minor ions, and trace elements. The results were used to compute water quality parameters like electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, and magnesium ratio to assess the quality of the water for irrigation purposes. Groundwater shows acidic to slightly alkaline pH and evolved from Mg-Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3, Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl to Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3 with other mixed water types, which reflect the local geology. Geochemical modelling indicates that groundwater is supersaturated with respect to goethite and hematite and saturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite in some samples. Hydrochemical graphing and multivariate statistical analysis indicate that the chemistry of groundwater in the area is primarily controlled by an interplay of chemical weathering, mineral dissolution, ion exchange reactions, agricultural activities, and sewage disposal. The groundwater is not entirely suitable for drinking purposes because of high concentrations of EC, TDS, Na+ Cl-, F-, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Ni, which exceed their maximum permissible limits provided by the World Health Organization. The computed parameters for assessing the quality of the water for irrigation reveal that 64.9% of the samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. However, 35.1% of the samples show very high salinity and sodium hazard and thus, are unsuitable for irrigation purposes. Therefore, it is recommended that mixing of the high salinity and sodium water with low salinity and sodium water can improve crop yields.