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    Insecticidal potential of native diatomaceous earth against sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    (ResearchersLinks Ltd, 2020) Salim, Muhammad; Gökçe, Ayhan; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Ersoy, Orkun
    The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius is one of the serious pests of cereal crops worldwide. To control this pest, diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation consisted of diatoms, obtained from Nigde Province, Turkey, was tested against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). Diatomaceous earth was applied to wheat grain at the rates of 100, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Adult mortalities were assessed after 7, 14 and 21 days. Mortality rates rose with increases in dosage and length of exposure. Significantly higher mortality (89.75±3.66%) after one week occurred in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). At the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg), the mortality reached as high as 100% after 2 weeks, while the lowest significant percent mortality (1.00±1.00%) was recorded in the control one week after exposure and only increased to 3.53±0.00% after 3 weeks. Percent weight loss in grain was also determined after 21 days. A significantly higher percent weight loss (7.29±0.11%) was found in the control, while no weight loss was observed in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). The grains were also observed for adult emergence for a period of 45 days. More than 90% reduction in adult emergence was recorded at concentrations of 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Conversely, the highest number of adults emerged at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg and in the control, i.e. 114.67±7.42 and 143.33±11.66 adults, respectively. The present study proposed that DE might potentially be effective in controlling S. granarius based on its ability to cause desiccation to the insects' protective cuticular wax layer. In order to develop environmentally sound control programs for in sito management of granary weevils, it will be necessary to expand the present study based on life table to get a comprehensive understanding and to determine the effect DE has on granary weevils and other grain pests when it is combined with plant extracts. © 2020 ResearchersLinks Ltd.
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    Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) Druce (Asteraceae) ekstraktlarının Sitophilus granarius ile Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'ye uzaklaştırıcı etkilerinin zorunluluk testleri ile belirlenmesi
    (2015) Alkan, Mustafa; Gökçe, Ayhan; Çam, Halit
    Bu çalışmada Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) Druceun gövde ve çiçek ekstraktlarının iki önemli depo zararlısı Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Buğday biti) ve Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Pirinç biti) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)ye karşı uzaklaştırıcı etkileri laboratuvar şartlarında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada bitki ekstraktlarının uzaklaştırıcı etkisi zorunluluk testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin gövde ve çiçek ekstraktları, farklı çözücüler olan hekzan, etil asetat ve methanol kullanılarak maserasyon tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Zorunluluk testlerinde en yüksek uzaklaştırıcı etki Pirinç biti için 48. saat sonunda %58.96 çiçek hekzan ekstraktında saptanmıştır. Buğday biti için ise en yüksek uzaklaştırıcı etki 48. saat sonunda %71.40 ile gövde etil asetat ekstraktında saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları T. abrotanifoliumun S. granarius ve S. oryzae ile mücadelede kullanılma potansiyelinin olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
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    Temperature-dependent demography of two closely related predatory mites Neoseiulus womersleyi and N. longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
    (Oxford University Press, 2017) Sugawara, Reo; Ullah, Mohammad Shaef; Ho, Chyi-Chen; Gökçe, Ayhan; Chi, Hsin; Gotoh, Tetsuo
    Temperature has significant effects on the development, survival, and reproduction of ectothermic organisms. In this study, we examined the effect of temperature on the demographic characteristics of two predatory mite species, Neosciulus womersleyi (Schicha) and N. longispinosus (Evans), reared on Tetranychus urticae Koch. The developmental and reproductive traits of both species were examined at 10 constant temperatures between 15 C and 37.5 C. The preadult development time of N. womersleyi and N. longispinosus decreased with increasing temperature until 32.5 C and 35 C, respectively. The lower developmental threshold (T0) and thermal constant (K) estimated by using a linear model were 11.61 C and 69.36 DD for N. womersleyi and 11.92 C and 61.5 DD for N. longispinosus, respectively. Total preoviposition period and total longevity of females and males of N. womersleyi and N. longispinosus decreased with increasing temperature. The mean generation time (T) first decreased with temperature until 32.5 and 35 C for N. womersleyi and N. longispinosus, respectively, and then increased at higher temperatures. The R0 and r values first increased with temperature until 32.5 and 30 C for N. womersleyi and N. longispinosus, respectively, and then decreased at higher temperatures. The R0 and r values for N. longispinosus at 37.5 C were 0.3 offspring and 0.143 d1, respectively. These results show that N. longispinosus is less fit than N. womersleyi at 37.5 C. © The Authors 2017.