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    Environment Controlled Dewetting of Rh-Pd Bilayers: A Route for Core-Shell Nanostructure Synthesis
    (AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2012) Abrasonis, Gintautas; Wintz, Sebastian; Liedke, Maciej O.; Akgul, Funda Aksoy; Krause, Matthias; Kuepper, Karsten; Gemming, Sibylle
    Chemical environment plays a significant role on the size, shape, or surface composition of nanostructures. Here, the chemical environment effects are studied in the context of core-shell nanoparticle synthesis. The environment driven dynamics and kinetics of Rh/Pd bilayers is investigated by in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thin Rh (similar to 1.5 nm)/Pod ( similar to 1.5 nm) bilayers were grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates. The films were heated in CO or NO environments or heated in vacuum with a subsequent NO/CO cycling. This study demonstrates that not the initial stacking sequence but the chemical environment plays a crucial role in controlling the surface composition. Heating in CO results in a surface enrichment of Pd at similar to 200 degrees C and is followed by film dewetting at similar to 300 degrees C. Heating in NO results in progressive oxidation of Rh starting at similar to 150 degrees C, which stabilizes the film continuity up to >similar to 375 degrees C. The film rupture correlates with the thermal destabilization of the surface oxide. Heating in vacuum results in a significant increase in surface Pd concentration, and the following NO/CO cycling induces periodic surface composition changes. The quasi equilibrium states are similar to 50% and similar to 20% of Rh/(Rh + Pd). for NO and CO environments, respectively. Possible surface composition change and dewetting mechanisms are discussed on the basis of the interplay of thermodynamic (surface/oxide energy and surface wetting) and kinetic (surface oxidation and thermally induced and chemically enhanced diffusion) factors. The results open alternative ways to synthesize supported (core-shell) nanostructures with controlled morphology and surface composition.