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    Studies on the prevalence of several newly-identified viruses infecting grapevines in Turkey
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Serce, C. Ulubas; Onder, S.; Cifci, O.; Altan, B.; Gokce, Z. N. Ozturk; Elci, E.
    Recently, several emerging viruses infecting grapevines have been identified in grapevine growing areas in Turkey. Comprehensive surveys and the development of effective detection tools are required to prevent the entrance and spread of these viruses. Therefore, to detect and gain information on the prevalence of several newly emerging viral pathogens (Grapevine pinot gris virus, GPGV; Grapevine Syrah virus-1, GSyV-1; Grapevine vein clearing virus, GVCV; Grapevine red blotch-associated virus, GRBaV; Grapevine deformation virus, GDefV; Grapevine Anatolian ringspot virus, GARSV) in Turkish vineyards, surveys were performed in 2015-2016 in the most important grapevine producing locations. A total of 1658 grapevine samples were collected from Aegean, Marmara, Mediterranean, eastern and south-eastern Anatolia and central Anatolia Regions of Turkey. The samples were analyzed with PCR or SYBR Green-based real time PCR against GPGV, GSyV-1, GVCV, GRBaV, GDefV and GARSV. Among the tested viruses, the most prevalent one was GPGV with the infection rate of 9.2% followed by GSyV-1 (5.2%) and GDefV ( 1.2%). GVCV, GRBaV and GARSV were not detected among the tested samples. GPGV was in the highest incidence in the Aegean Region with a rate of 33.7%, followed by eastern Anatolia (12%), Marmara (8.2%) and south-eastern Anatolia (6.4%) regions. GPGV was not detected in grapevine samples collected from Mediterranean and Central Anatolia Regions. GSyV-1 was detected in Aegean, (29.5%); Mediterranean, (1.8%); Central Anatolia, (1.2%) and Marmara, (0.7%), but not in eastern and south-eastern Anatolia Regions. GDefV was detected in all regions (1.3% in south-eastern Anatolia, 3.1% in Aegean, 1.2% in central Anatolia and 0.4% in Marmara) except Mediterranean and eastern Anatolia. This study provides comprehensive survey of the GPGV, GSyV-1, GDefV, GARSV, GRBaV and GVCV in Turkey.
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    Testing promising genes for pre-selection for drought tolerance in potato
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2019) Jameel, S.; Demirel, U.; Gokce, Z. N. Ozturk
    Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is sensitive to drought mainly due to its fibrous root system. With the global climate change, the yield loss in potato cultivation caused by drought is expected to reach 30% over the following years. A breeding approach to increase the tolerance of potato to drought stress requires a long time, quite laborious and expensive, mainly due to limitations in a controlled drought treatment in the field conditions, high heterozygosity nature of the plant and genotype x environment (GxE) interaction. A pre-selection in the laboratory for the promising drought tolerant lines is a requirement to disentangle these obstacles. However, the complexity and multigenic nature of the drought stress response mechanism restrains the identification of molecular markers to be used in pre-selection purposes. Here, we used a novel approach and investigated the possibility of using the gene expression under controlled conditions for pre-selection of drought tolerant potato cultivars. For this purpose, we analyzed next generation sequencing results of 'Unica' (tolerant) and 'Russet Burbank' (sensitive) potato cultivars to 23 days of drought treatment and selected genes with contrasting expression levels under stress/control conditions. Control expression levels of five promising genes [plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 (XM_006360110.1), cryptochrome-2 (XM_006354425.1), cytosolic L-ascorbate peroxidase 1 (XM_006366063.1), early responsive to dehydration 15 (HG975443.1) and GAST1 (XM_006338257.1)] were tested by RT-PCR approach in a different set of potato genotypes with defined drought tolerance index evaluated in an independent field drought experiment to test their efficiency in pre-selection of drought tolerance potential. Although the results indicated the potential of plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 for detecting tolerant potato genotypes, it appears that the differentiation of tolerance and sensitivity potential by a simple RT-PCR approach still requires investigation of a large set of genes together.