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Öğe Acute Effects of the Cellular Immune System on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises(DRUNPP-SARAJEVO, 2012) Ibis, Serkan; Hazar, Serkan; Gokdemir, KadirObjective: 18 university students, who have been kept sedentary and whose ages are 21,6 years averagely, have participated, voluntarily, in this study in order to inspect for the acute responses of the immune system to the aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Method: The Max VO2 values of the volunteers were determined using the Astrand Bicycle Ergometer testing method. The volunteers were subjected to aerobic exercises using 50% of Max VO2 for a time period of 45 minutes, and then to anaerobic exercises using 120% of Max VO2 until they exhausted. In the study, venous blood samples of the volunteers were taken before exercises, immediately after the exercises and 24 hours after exercises respectively; and therefore, the levels of cellular immune, T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte were examined accordingly. The statistical analyses were performed using One-Way ANOVA testing method. Result: Meanwhile, whereas the differences in the levels of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte and components of the cellular immune measured immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise were found meaningless when compared to the levels obtained prior to exercises for the aerobic exercises (p>0,05), increased levels (leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and B-lymphocyte) obtained immediately after the exercises, and especially the decrease in the level of T-lymphocyte were meaningful for the anaerobic type of exercises (p<0.05). Therefore, decreased levels obtained 24 hours after the anaerobic exercise (for leukopoenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, B-lymphocyte), and increased levels for T-lymphocyte were considered statistically meaningful. When both type of exercises were compared to each other, whereas significant differences were found in the levels of leukocyte, monocyte, neutrophilia, basophil, T-lymphocyte, and B-lymphocyte immediately after the exercises (p<0,05), no meaniningful difference was observed for eosinophilia (p>0,05). Conclusions: As a result, it has been assumed that intensive and exhausting type of exercises have been placing much more effect, immediately after exercise, on the elements of the cellular immune system than the moderate type of exercises, and meanwhile it might be resulted from the leukocytes those entering the circulation system from the marginating pool through demargination, and also from the damages occurring in the organism. It has been thought, on the other hand, that the decrease observed 24 hours after the exercises was caused possibly by the intensive and exhausting type of exercises those applying suppression on the components of the immune system.Öğe Acute effects of the cellular immune system on aerobic and anaerobic exercises(2012) Ibis, Serkan; Hazar, Serkan; Gokdemir, KadirObjective: 18 university students, who have been kept sedentary and whose ages are 21,6 years averagely, have participated, voluntarily, in this study in order to inspect for the acute responses of the immune system to the aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Method: The Max VO2 values of the volunteers were determined using the Astrand Bicycle Ergometer testing method. The volunteers were subjected to aerobic exercises using 50% of Max VO2 for a time period of 45 minutes, and then to anaerobic exercises using 120% of Max VO2 until they exhausted. In the study, venous blood samples of the volunteers were taken before exercises, immediately after the exercises and 24 hours after exercises respectively; and therefore, the levels of cellular immune, T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte were examined accordingly. The statistical analyses were performed using One-Way ANOVA testing method. Result: Meanwhile, whereas the differences in the levels of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte and components of the cellular immune measured immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise were found meaningless when compared to the levels obtained prior to exercises for the aerobic exercises (p>0,05), increased levels (leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and Blymphocyte) obtained immediately after the exercises, and especially the decrease in the level of T-lymphocyte were meaningful for the anaerobic type of exercises (p<0.05). Therefore, decreased levels obtained 24 hours after the anaerobic exercise (for leukopoenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, B-lymphocyte), and increased levels for T-lymphocyte were considered statistically meaningful. When both type of exercises were compared to each other, whereas significant differences were found in the levels of leukocyte, monocyte, neutrophilia, basophil, T-lymphocyte, and B-lymphocyte immediately after the exercises (p<0,05), no meaniningful difference was observed for eosinophilia (p>0,05). Conclusions: As a result, it has been assumed that intensive and exhausting type of exercises have been placing much more effect, immediately after exercise, on the elements of the cellular immune system than the moderate type of exercises, and meanwhile it might be resulted from the leukocytes those entering the circulation system from the marginating pool through demargination, and also from the damages occurring in the organism. It has been thought, on the other hand, that the decrease observed 24 hours after the exercises was caused possibly by the intensive and exhausting type of exercises those applying suppression on the components of the immune system.Öğe Effect of 15 days zinc loading upon zinc, lactic acid and creatine kinase levels of wrestlers(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2007) Iri, Ruchan; Gokdemir, Kadir; Cicioglu, IbrahimIn order to investigate the effect of zinc loading upon the performance of the sportsmen, some wrestlers were subjected to a 15 d zinc loading and completion period training and their effects on lactic acid, zinc and creatine kinase levels were monitored at rest and after heavy exercise. The study covered 20 wrestlers in University wrestling team. The average ages of the wresters was 23.1 +/- 2.46 years for group I and 20.8 +/- 1.16 years for group II. The average weights and height of the groups I and II are 81.4 +/- 18.18 kg and 173.50 +/- 9.61 cm and 72.6 +/- 5.67 kg and 169.47 +/- 8.65 cm, respectively. The MaxVO(2) values of group I and group II were 2.82 +/- 0.20 L/min and 2.70 +/- 0.10 L/min, respectively. Group 11 (the control group) was given fruit juice during the 15 d experimental period while the Group I (the experimental group) was administered 2 mg/kg day Zn with fruit juice in the same period. The blood samples necessary for the determination of plasma zinc, lactic acid, creatine kinase and hemograms levels were taken from the. wrestlers prior to the zinc loading at resting (D1, D2) and after being subjected to a cycling exercise(D2, K2). The second stage was taking the blood samples after 15 d of loading zinc again at resting (D3, K3) and after cycling exercise (D4, K4). The arithmetic means and standard deviations of the data obtained were computed and 't' test was applied to the differences between the dependent and independent groups and the data were evaluated at p < 0.05 and < 0.01 significance level. It was determined that the administration of zinc increased the muscle strength of the wrestlers and has a positive effect against exhaustion and on performance by inhibiting the lactic acid release following a 15 d competition period training. The increased levels of zinc were both due to the administration of zinc and heavy training. However the CK levels of the wrestlers were found to be effected from the training but insensitive to zinc loading.Öğe Some cellular immune components and C-reactive protein monitoring in female handball players during a competitive period(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Sevindi, Tarik; Hazar, Serkan; Ibis, Serkan; Gokdemir, KadirThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of the competitive period training on leukocytes, some leukocyte subgroups and C-reactive protein (CRP) in sportswomen playing in the professional handball league. The average age of the group was 20.6 +/- 3.37 years, height average was 163 +/- 6.30 cm, weight average was 58.73 +/- 4.92 kg. Blood samples were taken before and after the training period of the competition. Subjects rested for 48 h until taking blood samples. Subsequently, leukocytes, some leukocyte subgroups and CRP were determined. Leukocytes and leukocyte subgroups were determined using a Roche Sismex 2000XL device. CRP was determined using Beckman immunochemistry systems in-vitro diagnostic kits and nephelometric methods (Beckman Coulter Array 360 System, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. In this study no significant difference was found on WBC and granulocyte values between pre and post training period. However, significant differences in lymphocyte values were measured. After training period, lymphocytes declined (p<0.05), but no significant differences in monocyte levels were determined. CRP values after the training period were significantly decreased (p<0.05), as compared to pre training values. We can conclude that competition period training did not significantly affect the cellular immune elements, but caused a significant decrease on CRP values, which are markers in chronic inflammation.
