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    Early Republic Period Monopoly Practices: Salt, Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages, and Match in the Period of 1920-1950
    (Hacettepe Univ, 2019) Golcek, Seyda Gudek; Golcek, Ali Gokhan
    In Early Republic Period, Turkey expanded and continued monopoly practices which are inherited from the Ottoman State. In this period, the monopoly became an important tool in economic development after the War of Independence and in the reach of central authority throughout the country. Therefore, institutionalization of monopoly practices and improvement of monopoly enterprises became an essential policy. A detailed regulatory process was under taken for institutionalization and a serious legislative accumulation occured on the subject. Improvement works extended to a wide range of fields -from the upbringing of trained experts to breeding of agricultural policy and from the fighting against smuggling to construction of highways and railways-. Ultimately, as a result of these efforts, monopoly practices had contribution such as providing employment, reviving the economy of the region as well as it constituted a significant portion of total budget revenues. For monopoly revenues formed a large part of the total budget revenues, according to data which obtained from the Budget Final Account Acts and Monopoly General Directorate Budget that constituted the main sources of the stduy. More specifically, although among fiscal monopoly revenues, sum of the revenues of salt, alcohol and alcoholic beverages and matches constituted the largest share after tobacco, which is much studied in the literature, they have not received any interest deserved. Therefore, the study has dealt with salt, alcohol and alcoholic beverages and matches for the reason of this deficiency.