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Öğe Adaptability of deep learning: datasets and strategies in fruit classification(EDP Sciences, 2024) Gulzar, Yonis; Ünal, Zeynep; Ayoub, Shahnawaz; Reegu, Faheem Ahmad; Altulihan, AlhanoufThis review aims to uncover the multifaceted landscape of methodologies employed by researchers for accurate fruit classification. The exploration encompasses an array of techniques and models, each tailored to address the nuanced challenges presented by fruit classification tasks. From convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and transfer learning to ensemble methods, the spectrum of approaches underscores the innovative strategies harnessed to achieve precision in fruit categorization. A significant facet of this review lies in the analysis of the various datasets utilized by researchers for fruit classification. Different datasets present unique challenges and opportunities, thereby shaping the design and effectiveness of the models. From widely recognized datasets like Fruits-360 to specialized collections, the review navigates through a plethora of data sources, elucidating how these datasets contribute to the diversity of research endeavors. This insight not only highlights the variety in fruit types and attributes but also emphasizes the adaptability of deep learning techniques to accommodate these variations. By amalgamating findings from diverse articles, this study offers an enriched understanding of the evolving trends and advancements within the domain of fruit classification using deep learning. The synthesis of methodologies and dataset variations serves to inform future research pursuits, aiding in the refinement of accurate and robust fruit classification methods. As the field progresses, this review stands as a valuable compass, guiding researchers toward impactful contributions that enhance the accuracy and applicability of fruit classification models. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.Öğe Exploring Transfer Learning for Enhanced Seed Classification: Pre-trained Xception Model(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2024) Gulzar, Yonis; Unal, Zeynep; Ayoub, Shahnawaz; Reegu, Faheem AhmadSeed classification plays a crucial role in various agricultural and industrial applications, such as crop breeding, seed quality assessment, and plant disease identification. This study presents a novel deep-learning model for seed classification. In this study, a dataset of 15 seeds has been created, containing around 3018 RGB images, with the objective of developing an accurate and efficient deep learning-based model capable of classifying seeds with high precision. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of two distinct approaches for seed classification: training the Xception model from scratch and leveraging transfer learning with the Pre-trained Xception model. The experimental results offer a comprehensive comparative analysis of training, validation, and testing outcomes. Notably, the Pre-trained Xception model showcases superior performance across various metrics. It achieves remarkable accuracy, attaining a perfect 1.0000 on both validation and test sets. Additionally, this model demonstrates significantly lower loss values throughout the training phases, highlighting its enhanced predictive capabilities. Impressively, convergence is reached with fewer epochs and in shorter training duration, further underlining the efficiency and effectiveness of the Pre-trained Xception model.Öğe Harnessing the Power of Transfer Learning in Sunflower Disease Detection: A Comparative Study(Mdpi, 2023) Gulzar, Yonis; Unal, Zeynep; Aktas, Hakan; Mir, Mohammad ShuaibSunflower is an important crop that is susceptible to various diseases, which can significantly impact crop yield and quality. Early and accurate detection of these diseases is crucial for implementing appropriate management strategies. In recent years, deep learning techniques have shown promising results in the field of disease classification using image data. This study presents a comparative analysis of different deep-learning models for the classification of sunflower diseases. five widely used deep learning models, namely AlexNet, VGG16, InceptionV3, MobileNetV3, and EfficientNet were trained and evaluated using a dataset of sunflower disease images. The performance of each model was measured in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy. The experimental results demonstrated that all the deep learning models achieved high precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy values for sunflower disease classification. Among the models, EfficientNetB3 exhibited the highest precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy of 0.979. whereas the other models, ALexNet, VGG16, InceptionV3 and MobileNetV3 achieved 0.865, 0.965, 0.954 and 0.969 accuracy respectively. Based on the comparative analysis, it can be concluded that deep learning models are effective for the classification of sunflower diseases. The results highlight the potential of deep learning in early disease detection and classification, which can assist farmers and agronomists in implementing timely disease management strategies. Furthermore, the findings suggest that models like MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetB3 could be preferred choices due to their high performance and relatively fewer training epochs.Öğe Predicting High Technology Exports of Countries for Sustainable Economic Growth by Using Machine Learning Techniques: The Case of Turkey(Mdpi, 2024) Gulzar, Yonis; Oral, Ceren; Kayakus, Mehmet; Erdogan, Dilsad; Unal, Zeynep; Eksili, Nisa; Caylak, Pinar CelikIn this study, the estimation of high-tech exports for Turkey's foreign trade target in line with sustainable development was carried out. The research was carried out for Turkey since it has been focusing on sustainable and environmentally friendly production and an export-oriented growth model, with a transformation in its economic growth strategy as of 2021, and high-tech products are a determining factor in the export target. In this research, three different machine learning techniques, namely artificial neural networks, logistic regression, and support vector regression, were used to determine a successful prediction method close to the ideal scenario. In the models, high technology exports for the period of 2007-2023 with data obtained from the World Bank were taken as the dependent variable, while the gross national product, number of patents, and research and development expenditures were taken as independent variables. By calculating the R2, MAPE, and MSE metrics, the success of the model with the least error was evaluated, and it was seen that artificial neural networks (ANNs) were the most successful model, with values of 94.2%, 0.011, and 0.073, respectively. The ANN model was followed by support regression and logistic regression.
