Yazar "Gunes, Kemal" seçeneğine göre listele

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    A SERIAL-OPERATED CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2009) Tuncsiper, Bilal; Ayaz, Selma Cikoglu; Gunes, Kemal; Akca, Luetfi
    In this study, it was aimed to decrease organic matter and nutrient loads from the waters joining the drinking water reservoirs like creeks and surface flows by a pilot scale serial-operated constructed wetland (CW) system. The serial system consisted of a horizontal-subsurface flow (h-SSF) bed vegetated with Canna, Cyperus, Typhia, and Juncus in the first stage, a free water surface flow (FWS-1) bed vegetated with Salvina, Pistia, and Lemna in the second stage, and a free water surface flow (FWS-2) bed vegetated with Elodea and Egeria in the third stage. Organic matter and nutrient removal performances in different hydraulic and loading rates were examined and contributions of plants on treatment were also investigated. Planted systems operated at the same loading rates have higher performances than unplanted systems. The results showed that the serial system increases removal efficiencies from 67% to 84% for BOD, 56% to 73% for COD, from 41% to 77% for TN and from 40% to 59% for TP. The results of this study indicated that a serial-connected constructed wetland system had a potential for BOD, COD, N, and P removal and the treatment of tertiary treated wastewater.
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    A serially connected sand filtration and constructed wetland system for small community wastewater treatment
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009) Gunes, Kemal; Tuncsiper, Bilal
    In this study, a newly developed combined natural wastewater treatment system was used for the first time in the Village of Ileydagi, which has a population of 313 situated in the reservoir of Lake Egirdir, the second largest freshwater lake in Turkey. The combined treatment system consists of a combination of buried sand filtration (BSF) and buried subsurface flow constructed wetland (BSSF-CW) systems. The total area of the BSF system is 582 m(2) and that of the BSSF-CW system is 1352 m(2). Performance of the combined treatment system was 5% higher during the summer period than during the winter months. The average removal values of the combined system observed for a 14-month period were as follows: Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 97%, total nitrogen (TN) 85%, and total phosphorus (TP) 69%. There is a strong correlation (0.81-0.97) between the loading and removal rates (g/m(2) d). This correlation is also statistically important. The results indicate that the novel sand filtration and constructed wetland treatment system is an optimal solution to the wastewater problems of small settlements. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Constructed and riverine wetlands design considerations for domestic and agricultural diffuse pollution treatment-a case study from Turkey
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2016) Gunes, Kemal; Tuncsiper, Bilal; Drizo, Aleksandra; Masi, Fabio; Ayaz, Selma; Tufekci, Huseyin
    In this study, a riverine constructed wetland system (RCWS) was monitored with the aim to investigate its functionality and cost-effectiveness in treating domestic wastewater. Turkey's second biggest freshwater lake, Eirdir lake, is becoming polluted directly and indirectly with both domestic and diffuse pollution sources. In this paper we: (1) describe a water quality monitoring campaign on an existing long drainage channel where the majority of pollution originates from untreated urban sewage (2) discuss the design parameters and some considerations for a new RCWS to diminish and eliminate domestic and diffuse pollution loads originating from Gelendost and Yaka. In our design considerations, (1) we projected population increase over a 30-year period, which resulted in total 12,000 population equivalent, including the drainage network run-off originating from agriculture; (2) we aim to achieve 90% reduction in chemical oxygen demand, 70% of nitrogen (N) and 40% of total phosphorus. To achieve design objectives, we propose that the new RCWS consists of six horizontal flow CW and seven FWS systems, laid out within the drainage channel bed itself. This project would represent one of the few systems specifically designed to provide diffuse pollution treatment, and would be the first system of this kind in Turkey.
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    Domestic wastewater and surface runoff treatment implementations by constructed wetlands for Turkey: 25 years of experience
    (Elsevier, 2021) Gunes, Kemal; Masi, Fabio; Ayaz, Selma; Tuncsiper, Bilal; Besiktas, Mehmet
    The first studies on constructed wetland (CW) system in Turkey applied at the TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK MRC) in 1994. These studies carried out both in laboratory and pilot applications within TUBITAK MRC campus. Treatment performances were investigated by using different types of wetland plants in different types of wetland systems. After 2000, the real scale CW treatment systems where implemented in various regions of Turkey. Submerged horizontal flow systems (SFS-h or HF), free water surface flow (FWS) and various hybrid systems were applied in the Egirdir Lake basin. In order to treat both domestic wastewater and runoffs from agriculture, real scale CW systems designed in the Egirdir lake basin. Apart from these, the CW systems were built for the treatment of the domestic wastewater of 5000 people equivalent in the Konya closed river basin. Furthermore, pilot scale systems were carried out by using different types of wetland systems for the treatment of runoff from highways and railways in Sapanca lake basin. All of the treatment system has provided treatment criteria set forth in the regulations in Turkey. The biggest problems encountered in these systems are related to the operation and maintenance. Some systems have been inactivated because of not enough personnel have been allocated. In this study, applied research projects conducted in Turkey on CWs for 25 years were evaluated and relevant problems encountered presented.
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    Large scale constructed wetland implementation projects in Turkey in Salt Lake Special Environmental Protection Area
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013) Gunes, Kemal; Oktar, Beyhan; Ayaz, Selma; Gunay, Asli Suha; Ozden, Gurkan; Disbudak, Kutay; Tuncsiper, Bilal
    Salt Lake, in ecological and economical terms, is one of the most important lakes in Turkey. The lake exhibits great biodiversity of plants because the lake and its basin are a natural habitat to various types of endemic plants which are resistant to a salty environment. The lake also serves as a habitat to many kinds of birds, especially flamingos. From an economic standpoint, Salt Lake meets approximately 70% of the salt requirement for Turkey. For this reason it is of great importance to preserve the natural environment of the lake. In addition to the various activities conducted for the environmental protection of the Salt Lake, a comprehensive constructed wetland (CW) project has been prepared and implemented for the towns of Sultanhani and Altinekin, where the population is expected to reach approximately 5000 by the year 2037. It entails the largest and most important subsurface-flow constructed wetland systems(CWs) in Turkey. Many site surveying research projects have also been conducted to support this detailed CWs engineering project. Each step of the project preparation and application are detailed in this study. A great deal of experience has been gained by Turkey and Mediterranean countries on large scale CWs.
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    Performance of a pilot-scale, three-stage constructed wetland system for domestic wastewater treatment
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009) Tuncsiper, Bilal; Ayaz, Selma; Akca, Luetfi; Gunes, Kemal
    This study investigates the effects of season, organic matter loadings, hydraulic conditions, recycling, and rapid drainage on water quality in a pilot-scale, three-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSF CW) system. The pilot CW system consisted of a vertical flow-gravel filtration (v-GF) wetland in the first stage, a horizontal-subsurface flow (h-SSF) bed planted with Iris in the second stage, and a vertical-subsurface flow (v-SSF) bed vegetated with Phragmites in the third stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of these CW systems to remove organic matter from domestic wastewater on a pilot-scale three-stage SSF CW system. Comparisons of average influent and effluent concentrations showed that the multistage system could effectively reduce total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in effluent by as much as 98% and total organic carbon (TOC) by as much as 79%. Contributions of the first, second and third stages to the overall treatment were approximately 10%, 45% and 45%, respectively. The average TSS, COD, and TOC concentrations were reduced in the entire CW system by 70%, 80% and 90%, respectively. The BOD and TOC removal efficiencies displayed seasonal variations with average removals generally increasing in warmer seasons. Our results also demonstrate that there were strong correlations between removal efficiencies and loading rates. Average removals decreased with an increase in the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The rapid drainage and recycling operation increased the efficiency of BOD removal only.
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    The ability of free water surface constructed wetland system to treat high strength domestic wastewater: A case study for the Mediterranean
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Gunes, Kemal; Tuncsiper, Bilal; Ayaz, Selma; Drizo, Aleksandra
    This study evaluates a full-scale free water surface flow-constructed wetland (FWS-CW) system that was developed in 2005 to treat high strength wastewater in Garip village near Lake Egirdir in the Mediterranean (Turkey). This FWS-CW was the one of the first full-scale wastewater treatment systems of this type in Turkey and the Mediterranean, and as such represents an important reference for the application of CW systems in other regions with similar climates. This FWS-CW system consists of two stages, the first one being comprised of a 3-compartment septic system with the second one comprised of the FWS CW. The treatment efficiency of the system was found to be significantly affected by the pollutant loading rates, hydraulic retention time and temperature. Long term monitoring revealed that the system removed approximately 86%, 92%, 56% and 43% of the total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) from the high strength domestic wastewater, respectively. Therefore, this type of FWS can be applied as economical, environment-sensitive and very efficient for TSS and BOD for treating high strength domestic wastewaters. Alternative measures for improving TN and TP are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.