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    A hypothesis for the alternative southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Northwest Turkey
    (TMMOB JEOLOJI MUHENDISLERI ODASI, 2016) Seyitoglu, Gurol; Kaypak, Bulent; Aktug, Bahadir; Gurbuz, Esra; Esat, Korhan; Gurbuz, Alper
    This paper proposes an alternative route for the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) using evidence from morphotectonic features, seismology, GPS and recently published Magnetotelluric and Transient Electromagnetic (MT) data. In this new route, the southern branch connects with the main branch of the NAFZ in Bolu via the Golpazari pull-apart basin and Mudurnu. The slip distribution of the NAFZ as taken from GPS data indicates that the newly hypothesized route is the second most important branch of the NAFZ.
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    Remote sensing approaches for mapping Quaternary deposits: A synthesis
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Gurbuz, Alper; Gurbuz, Esra
    The importance of producing palaeoenvironmental, palaeoclimatic and palaeoseismological data for archaeological, environmental, climate change and active tectonic studies enhances the importance of mapping Quaternary deposits. Urbanisation mainly develops on plains that are geographically attractive and generally covered by Quaternary deposits. The basic reasons for this are related to their suitability for transportation and intersection with water resources. Beyond their characterisation as only 'alluvium' in almost all geological maps, detailed information about Quaternary plains is now essential for engineering purposes, particularly because of earthquakes and related liquefaction problems. In this study, remote sensing approaches for mapping Quaternary deposits are reviewed. Although the success of using airphotos, multispectral and hyperspectral (passive systems), and radar and LiDAR (active systems) images in mapping of Quaternary units is remarkable, their uses are generally individual, and thus they are far from presenting comprehensive results. We expect that the using remote sensing approach for mapping of Quaternary deposits, systematically based on mapping of lithological, geomorphological and soil characteristics together, which are mainly considered in the geological mapping of areas covered by Quaternary deposits individually, offers the most reliable approach. While the passive system sensors are particularly important for mapping lithological and soil features, the active system sensors are more convenient for geomorphological and soil mapping. Field mapping still remains essential; however, there is an increasing need for rapid mapping of Quaternary units before they are covered by anthropogenic interventions (e.g. afforestation, urbanisation, agricultural use). The combined use of different parameters outlined in this study can facilitate and accelerate more reliable mapping of Quaternary deposits according to their depositional environments.
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    Strike-slip faulting, topographic growth and block movements as deduced from drainage anomalies: The Yesilirmak River basin, northern Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Gurbuz, Esra; Kazanci, Nizamettin; Gurbuz, Alper
    This study aims to understand the various effects of known tectonism on a fluvial network and to interpret the tectonic deformations using described, and analysed systematic anomalies in the drainage basin of the Yesilirmak River in northern Turkey at countermarch. This region, which is divided into several faulted wedges by right-lateral strike-slip faulting of the North Anatolian fault zone and its individual splays, has experienced several moderate to large earthquakes with high amounts of surface ruptures during the historical and instrumental periods. The Yesilirmak River basin includes several geomorphic imprints of such widespread and frequent strike-slip deformations. Offsets (between 750 m and 19 km), aligned drainages, and linear valleys (170 km) are expected geomorphic and tectonic responses to strike-slip faulting in the fluvial system. We used such indicators to determine the long term effects of strike-slip faulting in the Yesilirmak River drainage network. The measured stream offsets represent decreasing values toward southern splay faults consistent with published geodetic data for the region. However, some other large-scale geomorphic anomalies extracted from the drainage network are not explainable by only strike-slip tectonics. Compressional structures, i.e., anticlines, synclines, in the region are responsible for such large-scale drainage diversions (20-24 km) along the river courses. Although these diversions, the North Anatolian fault zone is the main driving force shaping present geomorphology on a regional scale. The Sungurlu-Ezinepazari fault also plays a critical role in landscape evolution. Their activities and associated block movements have resulted with tilting processes. On the other hand, the entire fluvial network should be modified by the sea level changes of the Black Sea, particularly in the late Quaternary. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The discovery of a low-angle normal fault in the Taurus Mountains: the Ivriz detachment and implications concerning the Cenozoic geology of southern Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Seyitoglu, Gurol; Isik, Veysel; Gurbuz, Esra; Gurbuz, Alper
    The Ivriz detachment fault has been determined on the southern border of the Ulukisla basin separating the metamorphic Bolkar Group of the Taurus Mountains and the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Halkapinar formation of basin deposits. The fault dips towards the north and has kinematic indicators (asymmetric grain/grain aggregate porphyroclasts, oblique foliation, and S-C fabrics), suggesting a top-to-the-N-NE sense of shearing. The clastic material originating from the Bolkar Group in the sedimentary units of the Ulukisla basin demonstrates that the detachment fault could have been be active during Latest Cretaceous-Eocene times. The Ivriz detachment may have initiated as part of a high-angle breakaway fault (the Aydos main breakaway fault) in the south of the Ulukisla basin. The breakaway fault then rotated to a low-angle normal fault and its northern continuation played an important role in the exhumation of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex. This implies that the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary basins in central Anatolia were supradetachment basins rather than collision- or arc-related basins as previously suggested.