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    Effect of Drought Stress on Morphological and Yield Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Breeding Lines
    (Springer, 2024) Ibrahim, Sani Ibrahim; Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin
    Abiotic stresses are the major constraint that limits the productivity of potatoes. Among all the major abiotic stresses, drought is the main stress that is increasing on a yearly basis. Therefore, the current field study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and yield characteristics of 29 potato genotypes. Plants were divided into control and drought stress groups, and plants were acclimatized to drought stress 45 days after sowing (DAS). The irrigation regime was maintained at 3-day interval for control group plants, while for the drought stress treatment, the field was irrigated at 6-day interval. Performance of potato plants was observed by measuring morpho-physiological and yield traits that included canopy temperature, chlorophyll contents, growth duration, plant height, stand establishment, and number of stems per plant. Finally, potato tuber traits were measured (number of tubers, tuber weight, and marketable tuber weight). All potato breeding lines showed contrasting behaviour in response to drought stress. Results showed that potato breeding lines 7, 9, 11, 20, 12, 16, 22, 21, 10, and 18 suggested tolerance as they showed the least reduction in yield characteristics, whereas genotypes 1, 26, 24, 4, 27, 6, 8, 29, 23, 26, 3, and 5 showed poor performance as they failed to cope with stress conditions. Broad sense heritability showed 77% variability that suggested decreased effect of environment on potato genotypes for the selection of high-yielding tubers. The resilient potato breeding lines showed the potential to be stably used as potato breeding material for stress tolerance. These tolerant lines can be used by future breeding programmes to develop resilient cultivars to cope with drought stress problems and to ensure food security.
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    Morpho-Physiological Evaluation of Potato Genotypes Reveals Differential Responses to Drought Stress under Field Conditions
    (Springer, 2023) Ibrahim, Sani Ibrahim; Naawe, Eric Kuopuobe; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin
    Potato yield and quality productivity are often constrained by drought stress, which affects food security and sustainability. However, under natural growth conditions, few studies have investigated the response of potato genotypes under field conditions. This study was conducted to assess the response of 29 potato genotypes to drought stress under field conditions. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block with four replications for two potato-growing seasons using drip irrigation. Drought treatment was initiated 35 days after sowing. The stress treatment was irrigated at 3-day intervals, while the control treatment was irrigated at 6-day intervals until 15 days before harvesting. All potato genotypes showed differential responses to drought stress, with plant height, leaf temperature, leaf area index, total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield and dry matter content being significantly (p <= 0.05) affected. Based on the drought tolerance, drought susceptibility and yield stability indices, genotypes MEc04, MEc07, MEc12, MEc13, MEc16, MEc17, MEc19, MEc20, MEc22, and MEc24 showed tolerance to drought stress conditions, while the rest of the potato genotypes were susceptible to drought. An analysis of Pearson correlation and principal component analysis indicated that the first four PCs accounted for 70.77% of the total variation in stand establishment, number of stems per plant, plant height, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, specific gravity, total tuber yield, and marketable tuber yield. Potato breeding material for drought stress tolerance could be derived from these resilient potato breeding lines for potato breeders for future breeding programs to cope with drought stress problems and ensure food security. This study also provides potato farmers and breeders with the characteristic features of potato genotypes ideal for water stress and water-abundant environments. Research is recommended to examine the correlation between morphophysiological and biochemical traits of potato genotypes under water stress conditions by combining morphophysiological and biochemical traits. El rendimiento de la papa y la calidad de la productividad con frecuencia se ven limitados por el agobio de la sequia, que afecta la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, en condiciones naturales de crecimiento, pocos estudios han investigado la respuesta de los genotipos de la papa en condiciones de campo. Este estudio se realizo para evaluar la respuesta de 29 genotipos de papa al agobio por sequia en condiciones de campo. El experimento se establecio en un bloque completo aleatorio con cuatro repeticiones para dos ciclos de cultivo de papa utilizando riego por goteo. El tratamiento de la sequia se inicio 35 dias despues de la siembra. El tratamiento de estres se rego a intervalos de 3 dias, mientras que el tratamiento testigo se rego a intervalos de 6 dias hasta 15 dias antes de la cosecha. Todos los genotipos de papa mostraron respuestas diferenciales al agobio por sequia, siendo la altura de la planta, la temperatura de la hoja, el indice de area foliar, el rendimiento total del tuberculo, el rendimiento comercializable del tuberculo y el contenido de materia seca afectados significativamente (p <= 0,05). Con base en los indices de tolerancia a la sequia, susceptibilidad a la sequia y estabilidad del rendimiento, los genotipos MEc04, MEc07, MEc12, MEc13, MEc16, MEc17, MEc19, MEc20, MEc22 y MEc24 mostraron tolerancia a condiciones de agobio por sequia, mientras que el resto de los genotipos fueron susceptibles. Un analisis de la correlacion de Pearson y el analisis de componentes principales indico que los primeros cuatro PC representaron el 70,77% de la variacion total en el establecimiento, el numero de tallos por planta, la altura de la planta, el indice de area foliar, el contenido de clorofila de la hoja, la temperatura de la hoja, la gravedad especifica, el rendimiento total del tuberculo y el rendimiento comercializable del tuberculo. El material de mejoramiento de papa para la tolerancia al agobio por sequia podria derivarse de estas lineas de mejoramiento de papa resilientes para los mejoradores de papa para futuros programas de mejoramiento para hacer frente a los problemas de estres por sequia y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. Este estudio tambien proporciona a los productores y mejoradores de papa los rasgos caracteristicos de los genotipos de papa ideales para el agobio hidrico y los ambientes abundantes en agua. Se recomienda la investigacion para examinar la correlacion entre los rasgos morfofisiologicos y bioquimicos de los genotipos de la papa en condiciones de agobio hidrico mediante la combinacion de rasgos morfofisiologicos y bioquimicos.