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    Effects of using acetylene-enriched biogas on performance and exhaust emissions of a dual fuel stationary diesel engine
    (Elsevier, 2024) Ilhak, Mehmet Ilhan
    Biogas, which can be produced easily and cost effective from agricultural and animal waste, is an attractive alternative fuel to drive stationary diesel engine especially in rural areas. In this study, the effects of using acetylene enriched biogas under very lean mixture conditions in a four stroke, two cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine capable of developing 11.5 kW at 3000 rpm on performance and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out at 10 Nm, 20 Nm and 30 Nm torque. Acetylene flow rate of 2 slpm, biogas flow rate of 15 slpm and the engine speed of 1750 rpm were kept constant. The results showed that more than 36 % diesel substitution was possible with acetylene-enriched biogas at the specified flow rate without any degradation in normal operation. Moreover, the experimental findings revealed that the use of biogas and acetylene reduced brake thermal efficiency by 21.7 % and 5.8 % at 10 Nm and 20 Nm torque but only reduced by 0.6 % at 30 Nm torque. The exhaust gas temperature of dual fuel mode was found to be higher than the case of diesel mode especially at 20 and 30 Nm torque. While NO emission were lower, CO, and CO2 emission were higher in dual fuel mode compared to single diesel mode.
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    THE EFFECT OF USING ACTIVATED CARBON OBTAINED FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE AS A FUEL ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
    (Vinca Inst Nuclear Sci, 2023) Bilgin, Serhat; Onal, Yunus; Akansu, Selahaddin Orhan; Ilhak, Mehmet Ilhan
    The increasing need for clean water depending on the world's population has accelerated efforts to re-evaluate the use of water. This has led to the spread of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Sewage sludge (SS), which is the waste of WWTP, is increasing due to the increase in the number of plants. As a result, the disposal and evaluation of SS, which is waste, has accelerated. In this study, researches were carried out on different usage areas of SS, which is WWTP waste. The SS was first dried. After the drying process, the SS was subjected to physical and chemical activation processes and turned into activated carbon. Activated carbons were obtained at different operating temperatures. The FT-IR, XRD, ICP-MS, TG-DTA, CHNS, SEM-EDX analyzes were performed for the obtained activated carbons. According to the results of the analysis, the selected activated carbons were mixed with diesel fuel at 50 ppm and 100 ppm ratios. The effects of fuel mixtures prepared with diesel fuel in terms of engine performance, combustion and emissions are investigated. Engine performance and exhaust emission measurements were made in a 6-cylinder Diesel engine at a constant speed of 600 rpm and under five different loads (0 Nm, 50 Nm, 100 Nm, 150 Nm, and 200 Nm). Emission values were measured as CO, HC, CO2, O-2, and NOx and comparative assessments were made. In this study, the positive effects of SS-derived activated carbons on the engine were determined by using it as a diesel fuel additive.